Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman, who have been working for decades (find)ways to use genetic(基因的) material called messenger RNA, or mRNA, to make medicines, have won the 2023 Nobel Prize. They have discovered that changing a chemical building block of mRNA can keep the immune system(免疫系统) destroying the material and have enabled it to attack viruses instead.
They published their work in 2005 and their discovery (fundamental) changed our understanding of how mRNA interacts with our immune system. In (add), the work sped up vaccine development during one of the greatest threats to human health in modern times.
(speak) to reporters at Pennsylvania University on Monday, Weissman said they had to overcome many difficulties. "But Karikó lit the match then we spent more than20 years figuring out how to get it to work," Weissman said.
Karikó had to overcome even bigger (challenge). She (force) to resign from Pennsylvania University and went from one low-paying research job to another and even slept in her office at times. But she never gave up.
The first prize in the category was awarded in 1901. Of the 227 people work has been recognized with the prize, Karikó is the (thirteen) woman among them.
