1. (2023高三下·南平月考) 阅读理解

In the 1990s and 2000s, Costa Rica and Panama experienced a rise in malaria (疟疾) cases. The massive loss of amphibians (两栖动物) in the region from a fungal (真菌的) disease may have contributed to the malaria increase.

The spread of the fungal disease was a slow-motion disaster, leading to a decades-long wave of amphibian declines globally. From the 1980s to the 2000s, the wave moved from northwest to southeast across Costa Rica and Panama. An analysis of ecological surveys, public health records and satellite data suggests a link between the amphibian die-offs and an increase in human malaria cases.

On average, each county had 0. 8 to 1.1 additional cases of malaria per 1, 000 people per year for about six years, beginning several years after the amphibian losses, Michael Springborn, an environmental economist of the University of California, Davis, and colleagues found.

Springborn and colleagues wondered if the impacts that the fungal disease has on the decline of at leas.500 species globally stretched to humans. The team turned to Costa Rica and Panama, where the fungus moved through ecosystems in a somewhat uniform way along the narrow area of land on which the two countries sit, Springborn says. The researchers worked out when the fungus arrived at a given place and then looked at the number of malaria cases in those places before and after the die-offs. Malaria cases rose in the first couple of years after the decline and remained high for six years or so before going down again for unknown reasons.

Studies on the connections between biodiversity loss and health might "help motivate conservation by highlighting the direct benefits of conservation to human well-being," says Hillary Young, a community ecologist at the University of California, Santa Barbara. "Humans are causing wildlife to be lost at a rate similar to that of other major mass extinction events," she says. "We are increasingly aware that these losses can have major impacts on human health and well-being and, in particular, on risk of infectious disease.

1. （1） What directly brought about the rise in malaria cases?

   A . The extinction of fungus. B . The death of amphibians. C . The spread of a fungal disease. D . The lack of wildlife conservation.
3. （2） What can we infer from Springborn and colleagues' findings?

   A . The number of amphibians dropped dramatically. B . The fungus has little impact on human well-being. C . The county's population multiplied after the amphibian decline. D . Malaria cases show relevant changes when amphibians became fewer.
5. （3） How did the scientists carry out the research?

   A . By studying the features of the fungus. B . By comparing the number of malaria cases C . By finding out the track of fungus' movement. D . By working out the reason for the amphibian die-offs.
7. （4） What might be the best title for the text?

   A . What has relationship with human health? B . What causes the major mass extinction event? C . Why humans should keep wildlife at a distance? D . How human well-being is closely connected with wildlife?