When you were young, ginger ale(姜味汽水)may have been a popular choice for reducing the unpleasant feelings caused by your upset stomach on the road to get to school. For years, ginger has been used to reduce the effects of nausea(作呕). But do you know it's now also being looked at to fight cancer?
Scientists have discovered that ginger can kill cancerous cells in two different ways. On the one hand, ginger causes the cancer cells to "commit suicide" by destroying themselves while leaving the surrounding healthy cells untouched. Ginger can prevent the growth of diseased cells by destroying the environment they grow in. On the other hand, ginger tricks the diseased cells and causes them to fight among themselves. Researchers are now looking into one of the toughest cancers to fight. However, scientists find repeated treatment of disease by drugs can actually lose its effectiveness over time as the cancer builds up resistance(抵抗力)to the same treatment. This raises researchers' confidence that ginger would help stop resistance from the cancer.
In a study, the cancer clearly stopped growing in the body of the mice that had been given ginger. The bad news is that such encouraging research has only been conducted on mice. The good news, however, is that it seems humans might be able to get the same benefit just by eating products with ginger and ginger root in them.
Cancer prevention and fighting abilities aren't the only potential benefits you may get from adding a bit more ginger to your diet.
Drinking ginger ale when your stomach was upset as a child wasn't just a placebo(安慰剂).Numerous studies and research, including the Mayo Clinic's strict grading system, agree that ginger has some sort of anti-nausea characteristics.
Some believe that ginger works well against nausea after operations, while others use it to reduce motion sickness such as seasickness and car sickness. The Mayo Clinic, however, advises the use of ginger only to reduce nausea during pregnancy. While more research needs to be done, early studies are very promising, especially in that small amounts of ginger don't seem to do any harm to the mother or baby.
Other health benefits from ginger exist as well. Since ginger is often considered to be useful in warming bodies, it can improve the condition of people's joints including knees and ankle joints. Some suggest that ginger can help cure a cough associated with the common cold. Another benefit of ginger is that it seems to have no real side effects, which is one of the main reasons it appears to be safe during pregnancy.
But for safety, you should always consult a doctor for instructions on daily use before starting, even with something like ginger that seems to have little to no side effects.
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Before Dora, a 16-year-old girl, goes to school, she posts a quick comment on Micro Blog. "I could never live without the Internet. " The first thing she does every morning is to turn on her computer and check for any messages from her friends.
It's sure that the Internet plays a central role in the lives of modern teens. But when it links to the outside world, it can connect us with dangerous threats as easily as amusements. No one knew this more than 15-year-old Amanda Todd, who experienced months of online bullying (欺凌). Amanda had done something really embarrassing and mistakenly posted those photos onto webpages and they were seen by many of her schoolmates. Some of them began making rude comments and spreading rumors (流言)online. Amanda was horribly embarrassed, and as the online bullying continued, she developed depression (抑郁症)and anxiety and even changed schools. However, some of her new schoolmates found out about the photos and the nightmare started all over again. Eventually, on 10th October, 2013, Amanda lost her own life.
We can learn several things from Amanda's tragic story. For starters, we should be aware that people can easily lie to say who they are and cover their true intentions online. We should think of web-space as a window into our world, so be careful of whom you let in. Always remember that your online behaviour can come back to trouble you for years to come, because there is no such thing as the delete button in web-space. Last but not least, we should remember every user's ID. It represents a person, so think before you post.
Never forget that the Internet world is also a real world with real consequences (后果). Be a good net citizen and be safe.
①Dr. Nate Lewis patiently adds a chemical to a machine in his laboratory. The chemical smells a little bit like rotten (变质的) fish. We would know that because we have our noses to identify (识别) it, Dr, Lewis, however, wonders if his machine can smell the chemical, too. The machine is actually an electronic nose.
②You might wonder why anyone would want to build an electronic nose. After all, if you want to smell something, you can just breathe in through your own nose. For example, it's common for someone to smell a bottle of milk to check if it has gone bad. But imagine if a person had to smell the thousands of bottles of milk that farms produce every day - all that milk would go bad long before the testing was done! The food industry uses electronic noses every day to test the foods for freshness.
③There are millions of different smells in the world. How can our nose tell the difference between all these smells? Scientists know there are cells (细胞) in our noses that act as smell detectors(探测器). They think that a certain pattern of cells responds (回应) to every smell. Our nose creates a fingerprint for each smell using this pattern. Our brain understands all the odor (气味) fingerprints, Dr. Lewis's electronic nose is modeled after the human nose to detect odor fingerprints.
④The biggest difference, however, between human noses and the electronic noses that have been built so far is the brain. We need our brains to explain each smell we meet. But the electronic nose can only identify the chemical makeup of a smell while our brain can decide whether something your nose smells is good or bad. " It doesn't know which smells it likes and which is terrible because it can't think, " explains Dr. Lewis.
⑤Dr. Lewis is working on how to make the electronic nose get smarter. Maybe someday fridges with electronic noses will tell you when food has gone bad, or your locker room will use them to remind you to wash your sports clothes. There are many possible uses for a machine to take the place of the human nose. Every day scientists are getting closer to building a more perfect electronic nose.
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