The Nobel Prize has been awarded to women 60 times between 1901 and 2022. These women have made outstanding contributions to the worlds of medicine, science, literature and so on. Here are four of them.
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
Award:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Year: 1964
Dorothy Hodgkin was a British chemist whose interest in research began when, as a child, she received a chemistry book containing experiments with crystals. She studied at Oxford University and developed protein crystallography, which advanced the development of X-rays. This earned her the Nobel Prize.
Gertrude B. Elion
Award:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Year: 1988
Gertrude Elion won the Nobel Prize for her discoveries of important principles for drug treatment. Elion had watched her grandfather die of cancer, so she decided to fight the disease throughout her life. Elion, together with George Hitchings, with whom she shared the award, created a system for drug production that relies heavily on biochemistry.
Toni Morrison
Award:Nobel Prize in Literature
Year:1993
Toni Morrison, whose book"Beloved"earned her the Pulitzer Prize and the American Book Award, was the first Black woman to ever receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. Born in Ohio, Morrison was a writer whose works are mostly about life in the Black community. She taught writing and served as an honorary professor at Princeton University.
Esther Duflo
Award:Nobel Prize in Economics
Year:2019
Esther Duflo shared her prize with her research colleagues Michael Kremer and Abhijit Banerjee, who is her husband. Duflo has spent much of her career at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she earned her doctorate degree in 1999. Duflo and her partners were awarded the Nobel Prize for their approach to fighting poverty around the world.
From cottages surrounded by impressive gardens to days spent exploring sandy beaches and deep woods filled with wildlife, in My Family and Other Animals, English writer Gerald Durrell provided a vivid account of his family's time on the Greek island of Corfu in the 1930s.
Come for the arresting descriptions of Corfu landscapes and stay for Durrell's laugh-out-loud tales of his unusual family. This book, Durrell wrote humorously in the introduction, "was intended to be a nostalgic（怀旧的）account of natural history, but in the first few pages, I made the mistake of introducing my family. "
Durrell, later known for his zoo keeping and the preservation of wildlife, was just a child during his family's five-year stay in Corfu. He is 10-year-old Gerry in the book-curious, passionate about animals and a detailed storyteller of his strange family: his imaginative elder brother Larry with his literary ambitions, lovestruck sister Margo, sporty brother Leslie and his ever-calm, loving mother.
Durrell's attention to detail is what makes the book so winning, with every sight, sound and smell of the island brought to life. One minute you'll be laughing as Larry's clever literary friends walk down to the daffodil-yellow cottage, the next you'll be catching your breath as Durrell describes swimming at night in the Ionian Sea:"Lying on my back in the silky water, staring at the sky, only moving my hands and feet slightly, I was looking at the Milky Way stretching like a silk scarf across thesky and wondering how many stars it contained. "
My Family and Other Animals is quite difficult to classify, being one part travel, one part autobiography, one part natural history, and one part comedy, with a thread of descriptive language running throughout that sometimes raises it nearly to poetry.
As a real delight to read, it's the perfect literary escapism for any adult or older teenager who is currently walking down a tough road in life.
C. To introduce a writing style.
B . To recommend a book.D.
C . D . To describe an unusual place.In a paper published recently in Nature Communications, the authors, including experts from China's Tsinghua University, said that most of the current electricity demand in advanced, industrialized nations can be met by some combination of wind and solar power. "Wind and solar could meet more than 80 percent of demand in many places without crazy amounts of storage or additional generating ability, which is the critical point（临界点）, "said co-author Steve Davis, UCI professor of Earth system science, "if we want to have a zero-carbon emission（排放）future without using fossil energy resources".
The team analyzed 39 years' worth of hourly energy demand data from 42 major countries to evaluate the adequacy of wind and solar power resources to serve their needs. They found that a full shift to sustainable power resources can be easier for lower-latitude（低纬度的）countries, which can rely on solar power availability throughout the year. The researchers highlighted Germany as an example of a relatively smaller country, in terms of land mass, at higher latitude which will make it more challenging to meet its electricity needs with wind and solar resources.
"Historic data show that countries which are farther from the equator（赤道）can occasionally experience periods during which there is very limited solar and wind power availability, "said lead author Dan Tong, assistant professor of Earth system science at Tsinghua University. "One recent occurrence of this phenomenon in Germany lasted for two weeks, forcing Germans to turn to dispatchable（可调度的）generation, which in many cases is provided by fossil fuel-burning plants. Among the approaches the researchers suggested to alleviate this problem are building up generating capacity, developing long-term storage capabilities and pooling resources of multiple nations on a continental land mass to make the burden lighter to a certain country.
"Europe provides a good example to help people produce net-zero carbon electricity, "said Tong. "A lot of consistency and reliability could be provided by a system that includes solar resources from Spain, Italy and Greece with plentiful wind available in the Netherlands, Denmark and the Baltic region.
Today's amazing newspaper headline:First family of four to walk to the South Pole wearing Aickey Mouse ears and clown's shoes.
No, not really. It isn't true. I invented it. But I wouldn't be surprised to see it one day soon. In e last decade, I've seen headlines saying:"The youngest Briton to climb Qomolangma, ""The first person to cross the Pacific Ocean on a windsurfing board" and "The first people to fly around he world in a hot-air balloon", Why do they do it? And why should I be interested anyway?
Human beings have already climbed the highest mountains, sailed across the oceansand lown around the world. People have already reached the most remote parts of our plnet. There ust isn't anything left to explore nowadays. So, those who feel the need for adventure can only do hings that haven't been done before.
What is so great about climbing Qomolangma these days anyway? People pay thousands of dollars to be taken up the mountain by the local Sherpas, who lead the way and carry the bags. At any one time there are about a thousand people either climbing up or on their way back down. As a result, Qomolangma is covered with rubbish and the Sherpas have to make special trips up the mountain to pick it up. The climbers are often inexperienced and when they get into trouble other people have to risk their lives to bring them down to safety. Helicopter crews have been killed trying to reach people stuck on the mountain.
A British man became the first person to walk alone from Canada to the geographic North Pole. The problem was that he went in the spring, when the ice begins to melt and break up. So he got stuck on an isolated piece of ice and a plane had to be sent in to rescue him. It's very difficult to land a plane on breaking ice and the people who risked theirlives to do it weren't very happy.
What do you think?Are these explorers heroes or a danger to other people? Examples of courage and determination which should inspire the rest of us? Or a waste of time, energy and money?
Flu can be very dangerous although in most people the illness may last only a week or two. Getting a flu vaccine（疫苗）every year is the best way to prevent getting the flu.
Recognize flu symptoms（症状）. Before you can effectively treat the flu, make sure that's what you actually have. Common symptoms of flu include serious cough, sore throat, fever above 100F, headaches, weakness and so on while symptoms of the common cold usually include mild cough, low-grade or no fever as well as slight aches.
In some extreme cases, the flu can cause symptoms severe enough to require hospitalization. You need to see a doctor immediately if you are experiencing the following symptoms:shortness of breath ordifficulty breathing;chest pain or pressure; blueish skin or purplish lips; headache or neck pain.
Get some rest. Sometimes it's possible to keep working or going to school with a cold, but when you have the flu, it's important to rest. Since the flu may spread by contact, staying home is as considerate as it is necessary for your recovery.
Take vitamin C. Vitamin C is essential for health. Studies suggest that a proper amount of vitamin C can help remove cold and flu symptoms. Take 1000mg per hour for the first six hours as soon as symptoms appear. Then take 1000mg three times daily. Though it rarely happens, too much of it may get you poisoned.
A. Know when to seek emergency medical treatment.
B. But if you get the flu, it pays to learn how to treat it.
C. Take a few days off to give your body time to recover.
D. Orange juice is another good source of natural vitaminC.
E. Flu symptoms are similar to cold symptoms, but more severe.
F. You can remove the discomfort of fever by using a cool cloth.
G. Do not continue to take too much vitamin C after you feel better.
Michael McGuire worked all day beneath the Earth's surface. Maybe he only wanted to take a hot shower and put his1up after work.
2, the coal miner rushed straight from the mine to a3match. This would be his son's first game, and Michael wasn't going to4it for the world.
With no time to wash up or change his clothes, Michael5 at the game, but this father end up gaining 6thanks to a photo.
A woman saw Michael and recognized he was a miner who had7come straight from work to watch his son's basketball game. She took a picture and8it online. Quickly it was shared about 5, 000 times.
By the time this9went viral, Michael was already back at work in the mine. He had no idea what was happening until he10that night.
"When I went out and got11, you know there weren't signals underground, it went crazy. . . I couldn't believe it was12. It was simply unthinkable!" Michael said.
What a good dad! However tired he was, he made time for his son, even he couldn't13 It didn't matter what he14, he just wanted to be with his son.
We just love seeing more15dads like Michael!
Gulangyu Island, off the coast of Xiamen, Fujian, was certificated a world heritage site by UNESCO. Every year, (million)of Chinese people visi Gulangyu Island (enjoy) its natural delights and the (combine)of foreign and Chinese architecture.
The recognition of this beautiful and (cultural) remarkable island is honor. But the fact that it is a heritage site means much more than that. The word "heritage"refers to the (value)things we inherit from the past. And there are over 1, 000 UNESCO's world heritage sites, （make）a rich tapestry（织锦）of memories, both natural and man-made. Just like a time machine, they take us back to our ancestors and even earlier, enabling us to wonder at both the natural world and human history.
Gulangyu Island and every world heritage item are worthycare and protection. Since they came into existence, they (remind) us of our rich and various cultural significance, and the things that made uswe are.
内容包括：1. 展览的时间和地点；2. 展览内容；3. 参观时的注意事项。
注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
Notice
the Student Union
Notice
Aimed to promote traditional Chinese culture, our school is to arrange for the exchange students to pay a visit to the Chinese Painting Exhibition.
The exhibition will run from Feb. 20 to March. 20 in the Wenzhou Museum, which is located in the centre of our city. It centers on the history of the traditional Chinese paintings and displays various famous paintings of exceptional beauty from different dynasties, from which you are expected to have a deep insight into the development of Chinese culture.
We are to gather at the school gate at 2:00 pm Feb. 25 and the school bus will take us there. Keep in mind that no photos or food and drink are allowed in the museum.
the Student Union
It was the first week of Mia's middle school. The bell's ringing brought her out of her daydreaming. She nervously gathered her books, preparing to reach another classroom for the next new class.
Mia followed the other kids and rushed into the hallway. Others walked in groups, chatted, and laughed, using the break to socialize. Mia, instead, walked alone along the wall of the hallway, with her head down. She was a shy girl, afraid to speak in front of other kids, and didn't think others would like her.
Mia finally sat in Mr. Johnson's Language Arts class nervously. "Welcome to Language Arts, "said Mr. Johnson. He told jokes as he talked about English. Mia forgot to daydream and laughed along with the rest of the class. "We'll have some fun with language, "he said. "Just wait and see. "
Fun was far beyond what Mia desired. She just wanted to be like other kids-running with friends in the hallway, laughing and joking between classes. Reminded of her pimply（长粉刺的） face, she felt hopeless and disappointed.
"Take out a piece of paper, "the teacher continued, when pointing at words on the blackboard. "Write for the next thirty minutes on this topic. "Mia began writing crazily as idea after idea fought for recognition in her head. The final result was a short story about a beautiful beach house. As she wrote, she could smell the salty air, hear the crashing waves and feel the pull of the sand beneath her feet. For just a moment, she forgot where she was. She was lost in the story.
"OK, pass your papers forward, "said the teacher. "Let's see what we have. "For the rest of the class time, the teacher read each individual work aloud. Mia originally thought it would be awkward. However, she was gradually attracted by the excitement in the teacher's voice. "He's actually enjoying this, "she thought. When the class would be soon over, there were still fifteen students'papers not read, including Mia's paper. Then, Mr. Johnson announced his decision, asking these students to read their work themselves in front of the class next class.
要求：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A week later, the bell rang and the Language Arts class began again.
After Mia finished her reading. The clapping from her classmates continued for a long time.
