宁夏青铜峡市宁朔县中2022-2023学年高二上学期线上期末...

People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.

First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.

To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup!

England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.

Let us suppose it is now about A. D. 2060. Let's believe it is about forty-four years from now. Of course, things have changed and life is very different.

Voyages to the moon are being made every day. It is as easy to take a holiday on the moon today as it was for the people in 1960 to take a holiday in Europe. At a number of scenic spots on the moon, many hotels have been built. The hotels are air-conditioned, naturally. In order that everyone can enjoy the beautiful scenery on the moon, every room has at least one picture window. Everything imaginable is provided for entertainment of young and old.

What are people eating now? People are still eating food. They haven't yet started to take on heir (继承) supply of energy directly. They may some day. But many foods now come in pill forms, and the food that goes into the pill continues to come mainly from green plants.

Since there are several times as many people in the world today as there were a

hundred years ago, most of our planet's surface has to be filled. The deserts are irrigated (灌溉) with water and crops are no longer destroyed by pests. The harvest is always good.

Farming, of course, is very highly developed. Very few people have to work on the farm. It is possible to run the farm by just pushing a few buttons now and then.

Such would be our life in 2060.

We've got two dogs, Roxie and Cosita. My childhood memories are full of the cats we've loved, from my dad's cat, Bandit, to our beloved white cat Cecelia, whose gray fur formed a perfect heart shape across her stomach. But since our last cat friend, Sunny the orange cat, died too young, we've been cat-less. The sudden loss of Sunny was hard to move on from, especially for my mom.

This year, Mom finally thought she was ready for a new kitten. It was all she wanted for her birthday on June 16. "Roxie and Cosita need a new friend!" she said. In the week leading up to her birthday, something happened. She started to hear a kitten's meow (喵叫声) in the garage. Every time she went in and out of the garage, she could hear the soft cries but couldn't tell the exact position of the sound. She asked my dad if he heard it too. He only shrugged (耸肩). At last, Mom's birthday was arriving. She kept her fingers crossed, hoping for a kitten.

Over the past week, my dad had heard the kitten's meow every time he walked past my mom's car. One day he opened the hood (车盖) of the car, and a yellow kitten stared back at him. How in the world did she get there? And where did she come from? Dad didn't know, but he fed the kitten every day, waiting for the day he'd give her to Mom.

The little kitten was such a perfect birthday gift, and Dad even didn't need to leave the house to find her for my mom's happy birthday! When it came time to name our new furry friend, we took inspiration from a song famously performed by Wilson Pickett and called her "Sally".

    You fall down on the road and a kid you barely know rushes over to help. You come home after a long day to find your dad has prepared your favorite meal. Just before lunch in social studies class, you learn about places where people don't have clean water or enough food.They're likely to make you feel grateful.

    Gratitude (感恩) is one of many positive emotions. It's about focusing on what's good in our lives and being thankful for the things we have. It's taking a moment to reflect on how fortunate we are when something good happens — whether it's a small thing or a big thing.

    Making a habit of gratitude can also be good for us. Like other positive emotions, feeling grateful on a regular basis can have a big effect on our lives. Brain research shows that positive emotions are good for our bodies, minds, and brains.

    Positive emotions open us up to see more possibilities and take in more information. They improve our ability to develop skills, learn, and make good decisions. When we feel grateful for someone's kindness toward us, we may be more likely to do a kindness in return. Thanking people can make it more likely they'll do a kindness again.

     When we feel and express heartfelt gratitude and appreciation to people in our lives, it creates loving bonds, builds trust, and helps you feel closer.

A. Gratitude doesn't just feel good.

B. What do these have in common?

C. Gratitude can lead to positive actions.

D. Gratitude helps us build better relationships.

E. Such kind of people are more likely to succeed.

F. We can use lots of words to describe feelings of gratitude.

G. Gratitude is stopping to notice and appreciate the things that we often take for granted.

On Sunday I had my own Father's Day celebration. Suddenly I 1 about

my dad a lot. My dad is 2 the kindest man in the world. He would never 3 anyone in trouble.

Every Thursday night, my dad would 4 Shreveport, to a church there. I

always drove the car for him.Although this happened many times, I 5 one

incident on one of those trips to Shreveport. That time on the 6 , my dad saw a hitchhiker (搭便车的人 ). Dad asked me to pull the car over and offer him a 7 Dad asked him his name and address, told him ours, and talked to him about all sorts of things.

At first the hitchhiker was hesitant (迟疑的 ), but he changed his 8 as he could tell we were really listening to him. I did know that it was quite 9 outside and the hitchhiker was very happy to be able to get a lift in our warm car. We 10 another forty-five minutes and learned that the hitchhiker was 11 many difficulties in life. Dad told him to keep his head up and said that 12 would become better for him soon. He 13 into his pocket and handed the hitchhiker a twenty-dollar bill, leaving only a ten-dollar bill for himself. The hitchhiker then

became very 14 .

I was always told never to 15 a hitchhiker and yet my dad did it every time he saw one. Dad always gave them money 16 he did not have much of his own.

From that I've learned a lot about my dad and 17 . I've learned that if you come from a place with 18 , you will show a lot of kindness to people who are 19 . Just one single kind act may 20 someone's life.

By far, the most (technology) challenging railway ever built was probably the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, completed in 2006, which connects Xining to Lhasa. The railway was first planned in the 1950s, but the technical difficulties were too much (overcome). It was not until 1984the first 814-kilometer section of the railway, from Xining to Golmud, was completed.

The biggest issue was the permafrost(冻结带)-frozen earth. In the summer, usually melting at a fast speed, the top layer of the permafrost turns to mud,(make) the ground unstable. A(various) of solutions were used to get around this. In some cases, railway bridges (build). In other cases, engineers installed pipes under the ground to keep it frozen during the summer. Finally, in some areas, it was impossible to build the railway over the permafrost, engineers tunneled(开凿隧道) through it.

It is hoped that the experience of building the Qinghai-Tibet Railway can be used in new project, linking China with Pakistan. This railway(travel) 1,000 kilometers through the Pamir Mountains, which are nicknamed the Roof of the World. Building such a railway will be(doubt) a technical challenge. It has not yet been announced when construction on this project will start.

The Yellow Crane Tower(黄鹤楼) is one of the Four Great Towers of China. (sit) at the top of Snake Hill, on the banks of the Yangtze River, this iconic building is one of the (great) landmarks in Wuhan. There are a number of legends tell how the Yellow Crane Tower came into being.

One of them is the story of a wine merchant named Xin. It is believed that one day, immortal being (神仙) pretended he was a poor man and got into Xin's wine store. Xin, showing no judgement, (offer) the man some free wine. The poor man came back day after day for several years and Xin always welcomed him with the same (warm). One day, as the poor man left the store, he took some orange peel and drew a picture of a crane upon the wall. He said if he clapped his hands, the crane would come down from the wall and dance for him. (surprise), what the poor man said was true. The dancing crane brought much business to Xin that he soon became a very wealthy man. About ten years (late), the immortal being came back to Xin's store, called out the crane and left with it. (honour) him and the crane, Xin built the Yellow Crane Tower.

增加：在缺词处加一个漏子符号（Ʌ）并在其下面写出这加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。

I'm delight to introduce you something about Chinese cultural heritage.

Hard-working and intelligently, Chinese people have made great contributions to the world civilization. Nowadays, many Chinese cultural heritage sites were preserved very well. If you have a chance to travel to China, I recommend yourself to visit Beijing and Xi'an, where many cultural sites are worth visited. Apart from the cultural heritage sites, the natural scenery in Guilin is such beautiful that you will be deeply impressed. Besides, some simple folk custom in the villages in Yunnan province are likely to remind you the good old days,during which living a harmonious life with the nature in the villages, as you know, are of great benefit.

注意：1）词数 100 左右。

2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3）开头语已经为你写好，不计入总词数。

I often imagine what my life will be like in three years.