It's always awkward when you meet someone from a different country. You never know whether to shake hands, bow or even whether to kiss on the cheek. But what if you were a dog?
If you are a dog owner, you must be familiar with how your dog says hello to you. Seconds after you arrive home, your dog jumps up on you. You come face to face with a tail-wagging, wildly excited ball of fur that can't get enough of you. If you're not happy with that, it will shower you with wet "kisses" perhaps ruining your best shirt.
Like humans, dogs have five senses: smell, touch, sight, hearing and taste.
Unlike humans, dogs use smell rather than sight to identify others around them. A dog's sense of smell is thousands of times better than that of humans. Your dog can't just tell what a human being smells like, but it can also tell the difference between different members of its human family by their smell.
They also greet each other this way, not eye to eye, but nose to nose.
To be precise, when they first meet each other, they start with a quick sniff of each other's noses. Then they will go side to side, working their way towards the back end.
Dogs smell everything they can during a walk. They sniff grass, bushes, trees and signposts. By doing this, dogs know not only what they are looking at, but which other neighborhood dogs have been around lately. So next time you see your dog sniffing the wrong end of another dog, don't regard it as a bad habit. They are greeting each other.
Essay
DOCUMENT A
RUN FOR A BETTER LIFE
The sport of running offers many advantages. First, it is a great way to get in shape. It also helps relieve stress, gives you more energy, and makes you proud of what you are accomplishing. Most runners are happy with just these few items:
●A comfortable pair of running shoes that has good arch and ankle support and allows your feet to breathe properly.
●A good quality stopwatch such as Penta, ATLAS, or Life Time.
●A water bottle.
If you are a beginner, try following these steps:
1 Walk slowly for 30 minutes.
2 Add short running sessions(一段时间）into your 30-minute walk.
3 Try a 30-minute run when you feel ready, but never become so breathless that you could not carry on a conversation.
You will soon discover benefits from running that you will not want to give up. You will feel more relaxed and focused. Your concentration will improve and you will find that, even though you are taking 30-minute running each day from your busy schedule, you will get more done.
BIBLIOGRAPHY(参考文献）
1 Mendez Libby. Medical Advantages of Exercise. San Diego: Hanley House, 2005.vii-xii.
2 Manning Lynne. Athlete's Guide to Quality Equipment. Dallas: Scanlon-Van Horn Publishers, 2006.
3 Ingrid Shopmeyer. Ingrid' Shopmeyer's Running for Beginners. New York: King Books, 2008.
DOCUMENT B
The home of the future won't be completely different and we will be living in houses and flats just as we do today. But people will want to shape their homes to match their dreams. No two homes will be the same. People will be able to buy "house kits" containing a basic house structure, with movable walls, doors and windows. They will put together the different parts to create the home they want.
Many jobs that we do today will disappear, others will still exist but will change and new jobs will be created. Skilled workers such as builders, gardeners and electricians won't disappear because machines can't replace them. Teachers will still exist because students need human contact. But they will be using modern technology in class more and students will be working more from home. The medical technology revolution and space travel will create new jobs which we can only imagine today.
Space holidays will develop in the future, but these holidays won't be for everyone because they won't be cheap. Short space trips will develop first, then space hotels will orbit the earth where it will be possible to have a longer vacation. By the end of the next century, there will be holiday centers on the moon with leisure facilities for families.
Paper won't exist in the future. Instead, there will be e-paper which people will be able to use over and over again. This will develop in order to save natural resources. E-newspapers and e-magazines will replace traditional newspapers and magazines and we will download information and news articles from the Internet every day onto our reusable paper.
The laws of physics tell us that the earth is going to disappear sometime in the future. This isn't going to happen tomorrow but scientists predict that it will happen in five billion years when our sun explodes (爆炸). We will have to explore the universe and find another home. At some point in the distant future, either we stay on the earth and die with it, or we leave and move to another planet. There won't be any other choice.
When you're a parent to a young child, you spend a lot of time talking about feelings: about having to share, about being disappointed because you may not have a cookie instead of broccoli(绿花椰菜）, about the great injustice of a parent pressing the elevator button before the child has a chance to.
And in a parenting culture that's increasingly concerned with centering children's needs above all else, mothers and fathers have become skillful at talking about their kids' feelings while masking their own. But new research suggests that parents who hide their negative emotions are doing their children, and themselves harm.
A study published this month says that when parents put on a faux-happy(假开心）face for their kids, they do damage to their own sense of wellbeing and authenticity.
"For the average parent the findings suggest when they attempt to hide their negative emotion expression and over express their positive emotions with their children, it actually comes at a cost: doing So may lead parents to feel worse themselves, "researcher Dr. Emily Impett, says.
It makes sense that parents often fall back on amping up(扩大）the positivity for the sake of their children-there are a lot of things in the world we want to protect our kids from. But children are often smarter than we expect and are quite in tune with what the people closest to them-their parents-are feeling.
There was a time about a year or so ago, for example, when I received some bad news over the phone; I was home with my four-year-old and so I did my best to put on a brave face. She knew immediately something was wrong though, and was confused.
When I finally let a few tears out and explained that Mom heard something sad about a friend, she was, of course, just fine. My daughter patted my shoulder, gave me a hug, and went back to playing. She felt better that she was able to help me, and the moment made a lot more sense to her emotionally than a smiling mom holding back sobs. I was glad that I could feel sad momentarily and not have to work hard to hide that.
Relaying positive feelings to your children when you don't feel them is a move the researchers called high cost-that it may seem like the most beneficial to your child at the time but that parents should find other ways of communicating emotions that" allow them to feel true to themselves"。
But this is also about children seeing the world in a more honest way. While we will want to protect our children from things that aren't age-appropriate or harmful, it's better to raise a generation of kids who understand that moms and dads are people too.
Recall(回忆) how you find a name in a telephone book? You don't read any more than necessary to find the name you look for. Notice that you go directly down a column of news. Maybe you use your finger to guide your eyes. This type of reading is usually called scanning. In scanning, you know what you are looking for. In skimming(略读) you don't.
Since you don't know exactly what you are looking for while skimming, prepare yourself by reading the title, source, author and picture. Then you question yourself-who, what, when, where is this likely to be mainly about?Look for exact names of people, places, things, ideas, numbers and words like therefore, whenever, until, because and instead, to inform you of how and why.
You will soon be able to discover important facts and strange vocabularies by this important step. And you even can find words that are clues to important relationships.
It's a good practice to skim everything in mass media after reading the title and first paragraph. You may get all the information you want.
Skim everything you intend to read before you make a final decision to read or study the material. Skim all highlights and develop a read-skim pattern for rapid review. Reviewing frequently and rapidly is the best way to remember information from notes and long texts.
A. And don't miss this!
B. It is quite necessary to learn scanning.
C. Soon you will note new or unusual vocabularies.
D. This keeps your skimming skills from becoming worse.
E. Skimming is a step you should always take before you read any article.
F. With a questioning mind, you direct your eyes down the column of print.
G. Skimming uses the same type of skill in form but a different skill mentally.
One stormy night many years ago, an elderly man and his wife entered the lobby(大厅) of a small hotel in Philadelphia. Trying to get out of the rain, the couple 1the front desk hoping to get some 2for the night.
"Could you possibly give us a room here?" the husband asked.
The clerk, a friendly man with a winning smile, looked at the couple and explained that there were three conventions(会议) in town.
"All of our rooms are taken, "the clerk said." But I can't send a nice couple like you out3the rain at one o'clock in the morning. Would you 4be willing to sleep in my room? It's not exactly a(n) 5,but it will be good enough to make you folks6for the night."
When the couple declined, the young man pressed on(坚持）。
"Don't worry about me; I'll make out just fine," the clerk told them.
So the couple agreed. As he paid his bill the next morning, the elderly man said to the clerk," You are the kind of manager who should be the 7of the best hotel in the United States. Maybe someday I'll 8 one for you."
The clerk looked at them and smiled. The three of them had a good 9
As they drove away, the elderly couple agreed that the helpful clerk was indeed exceptional, 10finding people who are both friendly and helpful isn't easy.
Two years passed. The clerk had almost forgotten the incident when he received a letter from the old man. It recalled that11 night and enclosed a round-trip ticket to New York, asking the young man to pay them a visit. The old man met him in New York, and led him to the corner of Fifth avenue and 34th Street.
He then pointed to a great new building there, a palace of reddish stone, with turrets(角塔) thrusting up to the sky. "That," said the older man, is the hotel I have just built for you to 12."
"You must be 13." the young man said.
"I can assure you I am not," said the old man, a sly smile playing around his mouth.
The old man's name was William Waldorf Astor, and the magnificent structure was the original Waldorf-Astoria Hotel.
The young clerk who became its 14 manager was George C. Boldt. This young clerk never 15the turn of events that would lead him to become the manager of one of the world's most glamorous hotels.
Britain's opinion about humor may make people feel(puzzle)at first. British humor can feel likewhole new language. But don't worry, we've put together a beginner's guide for foreigners.
The key to (understand) British humor is knowing not to take yourself too (serious). Our humor is to give special attention to our own faults or weaknesses. We joke about our failures so as to appear more friendly.
British people are famous for having great (polite), but a sign that a British likes you is that he/she happily "offends(冒犯)"you with (interest)comments. An important part of mastering British humor is judging the people you are with find funny.
Humor(use) by British people to lighten even the most unfortunate, unhappy moments. There are few subjects we don't joke about. We don't have a plan (shock) and make others unhappy. British people only turn to laughter as a form of medicine when life knocks them and those around them down. Bad luck and failure are ordinary in British comedy—if the jokes are proper . the situation. In most cultures, there is a time and place for humor. In Britain, this is not the case.
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consist of roll up take over come to one's aid aside from in relief contrary to... reach out differ from come down with watch out for in sight |
