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A. moral B. infrequently C. rock D. dwelling E. chillingly AB. emergency AC. address AD. milestone AE. modeling BC. highlight BD. ranking |
Physicians Aren't Immune to Suicide and Depression
Medicine is a tough profession. It's both tremendously rewarding and terribly demanding. Physicians are at the front lines of humanity, along with nurses, therapists and more. But being at the front lines can be risky: In a study, nearly 50 percent of doctors reporting that they were burned out. physicians, who are on call 24/7, have it the worst, followed closely by physicians working in other demanding subspecialties.
Studies about physician burnout are important but they typically don't reflect this group's high risk for even more dire mental health outcomes. Past research has also shown that physicians have a higher risk for suicide compared with other professions, in the top ten of risky professions. And a recent Lancet study notes that , one physician dies from suicide every day in the U. S.
Suicidal tendencies the whole community. Health care systems respond with wellness meetings and other interventions but trainees still report feeling uncared for. In fact, several trainees privately tell me that they have to report fewer hours than they actually work.
Research studies similar concerns to those I've heard. They report that workplace factors contribute to physician suicide "including a large workload, competitiveness of training programs, pressure of patient and service demands and the risk of injury if physicians are forced to work in ways that conflict with their ethics and values."
This new analysis is a major for understanding and appropriately responding to the mental health crisis today. Instead of on the past, the alarm has now been sounded: Greater attention must be paid to physician well-being. We want physicians to be safe and well, but we also need to help patients by good health practices. Fortunately, preventive measures are already underway. Soon, we will hopefully be able to better part of what is missing in the current conversation about physician mental health.
Trackers on Ice
Just because a scientist puts a GPS tracking collar on a wild polar bear does not mean the animal will obligingly keep it on. 1, these huge collars are purposefully loose. If one becomes annoying, a bear can 2 it. But scientists have now found a way to use 3 from the discarded（丢弃的）devices.
"These dropped collars 4 would have been considered garbage data," says Natasha Klappstein, a polar bear researcher at the University of Alberta. She and her colleagues instead used 5 from such collars, left on sea ice in Canada's Hudson Bay, to track the ice itself. For their study, published in June in The Cryosphere, the researchers identified twenty collars that transmitted movement data in line with ice drift rather than polar bear 6 between 2005 and 2015. The resulting records of how melting ice typically drifts in Hudson Bay are unique. There are no easily 7 on-the-ground sensors, and satellite observations often cannot accurately capture the motion of small ice sheets.
The team 8 the discarded collars' movements with widely used ice-drift modeling data from the U. S. National Snow and Ice Data Center（NSIDC）. Collar data indicated that the NSIDC model underestimates the speed at which ice moves around in Hudson Bay-as well as the overall 9 of drift. Over the course of several months, the model could drift away from an ice sheet's location by a few hundred kilometers, the researchers say.
This means the bears may be working harder, when moving against the direction of the ice, than scientists had 10: "Since we're underestimating the speed of drift, we're likely underestimating the energetic effort of polar bears," says Natasha Klappstein. The research reveals 11 insight into how highly mobile ice moves. As melting increases in the coming years, such ice will likely become more 12 farther north, in the central Artic. Scientists had known NSIDC data could underestimate drift speeds, but "any time we can find a data 13, it is a good thing."
Plus, such data could improve predictions about how oil spills or other pollutants may 14 in seas. littered with drifting ice, says Walt Meier, a senior NSIDC research scientist, who was not involved in the study. The findings may even 15 future NSIDC models: "It's a really nice data set," Meier says. "And certainly one we'll take under consideration."
Each year, backed up by a growing anti-consumerist movement, people are using the holiday season to call on us all to shop less.
Driven by concerns about resource exhaustion, over recent years environmentalists have increasingly turned their sights on our "consumer culture". Groups such as The Story of Stuff and Buy Nothing New Day are growing as a movement that increasingly blames all our ills on our desire to shop.
We clearly have a growing resource problem. The produces we make, buy, and use are often linked to the destruction of our waterways, biodiversity, climate and the land on which millions of people live. But to blame these issues on Christmas shoppers is misguided, and puts us in the old trap of blaming individuals for what is a systematic problem.
While we complain about environmental destruction over Christmas, environmentalists often forget what the holiday season actually means for many people. For most, Christmas isn't an add-on to an already heavy shopping year. In fact, it is likely the only time of year many have the opportunity to spend on friends and family, or even just to buy the necessities needed for modern life.
This is particularly, true for Boxing Day, often the target of the strongest derision(嘲弄) by anti-consumerists. While we may laugh at the queues in front of the shops, for many, those sales provide the one chance to buy items they've needed all year. As Leigh Phillips argues, "this is one of the few times of the year that people can even hope to afford such 'luxuries', the Christmas presents their kids are asking for, or just an appliance that works. "
Indeed, the richest 7% of people are responsible for 50% of greenhouse gas emissions. This becomes particularly harmful when you take into account that those shopping on Boxing Day are only a small part of our consumption "problem" anyway. Why are environmentalists attacking these individuals, while ignoring such people as Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich, who has his own￡1. 5bn yacht with a missile defence system?
Anyway, anti-consumerism has become a movement of wealthy people talking down to the working class about their life choices, while ignoring the real cause of our environmental problems. It is no wonder one is changing their behaviours—or that environmental destruction continues without any reduction in intensity.
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Dr. Donald Sadoway at MIT started his own battery company with the hope of changing the world's energy future. It's a dramatic endorsement (支持) for a technology most people think about only when their smartphone goes dark. But Sadoway isn't alone in boasting about energy storage as a missing link to a cleaner, more efficient, and more equitable energy future.
Scientists and engineers have long believed in the promise of batteries to change the world. Advanced batteries are moving out of specialized markets and creeping into the mainstream, signaling a tipping point for forward-looking technologies such as electric cars and rooftop solar propels.
The ubiquitous (无所不在的) battery has already come a long way, of course. For better or worse, batteries make possible our mobile-first. lifestyles, our screen culture, our increasingly globalized world. Still, as impressive as all this is, it may be trivial compared with what comes next. Having already enabled a communications revolution, the battery is now poised to transform just about everything else.
The wireless age is expanding to include not just our phones, tablets, and laptops, but also our cars, homes, and even whole communities. In emerging economies, rural communities are bypassing the wires and wooden poles that spread power. Instead, some in Africa and Asia are seeing their first light bulbs illuminated by the power of sunlight stored in batteries.
Today, energy storage is a $33 billion global industry that generates nearly 100 gigawatt-hours of electricity per year. By the end of the decade, it's expected to be worth over 50 billion dollars and generate 160 gigawatt-hours, enough to attract the attention of major companies that might not otherwise be interested in a decidedly pedestrian technology. Even utility companies, which have long viewed batteries and alternative forms of energy as a threat, are learning to embrace the technologies as enabling rather than disrupting.
Today's battery breakthroughs come as the world looks to expand modern energy access to the billion or so people without it, while also cutting back on fuels that warm the planet. Those simultaneous challenges appear less overwhelming with increasingly better answers to a centuries-old question: how to make power portable.
To be sure, the battery still has a long way to go before the nightly recharge completely replaces the weekly trip to the gas station. A battery-powered world comes with its own risks, too. What happens to the centralized electric grid, which took decades and billions of dollars to build, as more and more people become "prosumers," who produce and consume their own energy on site?
No one knows which——if any——battery technology will ultimately dominate, but one thing remains clear. The future of energy is in how we store it.
Twilight of the Brands
It's a truism of business-book thinking that a company's brand is its "most important asset," more valuable than technology or patents or manufacturing prowess. But brands have never been more fragile. The reason is simple: consumers are supremely well informed and far more likely to investigate the real value of products than to rely on logos.
Absolute Value, a new book by Itamar Simonson and Emanuel Rosen shows that, historically, the rise of brands was a response to an information-poor environment. If a car was made by G. M, or a ketchup by Heinz, you assumed that it was pretty good. It was hard to figure out if a new product from an unfamiliar company was reliable or not, so brand loyalty was a way of reducing risk.
Today, consumers can read much research about whatever they want to buy. This started back with Consumer Reports, which did objective studies of products. It has given ordinary consumers easy access to expert reviews, user reviews, and detailed product data, in an array of categories.
A recent study found that eighty per cent of consumers look at online reviews before making major purchases, and a host of studies have logged the strong influence those reviews have on the decisions people make. An undesirable product can become a laughingstock (笑柄） in a matter of hours. In the old days, you might buy a Sony television set because you'd owned one before, or because you trusted the brand. Today, such considerations matter much less than reviews on Amazon and Engadget and CNET. As Simonson said, "each product how has to prove itself on its own."
It's been argued that in a world where consumers are overwhelmed with information, the information will actually make brands more valuable. Indeed, the role a brand plays in people's lives has become all the more important, But information overload is largely a myth. And this has made customer loyalty pretty much a thing of the past. Only twenty-five per cent of American respondents in a recent study said that brand loyalty affected how they shopped.
A. But what really weakened the power of brands is the Internet.
B. For consumers this is ideal: heightened competition has raised quality and held down prices.
C. When consumers had to rely on advertisements and their past experience with a company, brands served as a guarantee for quality.
D. A large quantity of consumers fail to get a great deal of information efficiently and effectively.
E. The rise of social media has sped up the trend to an astonishing degree.
F. Most consumers figure out how to find what they're looking for without spending huge amounts of time online.
Can advertising support a free Internet?
The supporters of an open, democratic Internet, funded mainly by advertising, are facing some big questions about how their vision will unfold. A freely accessible digital world, websites and social networks are open to all, is the dream of many. But critics wonder if this is desirable or even possible.
Brands (shift) a huge proportion of their marketing budgets into online advertising in recent years. But while many campaigns hit the spot, others be annoying, intrusive and irrelevant.
To discuss the future of online advertising, the Guardian teamed up with advertising technology provider AppNexus to run a roundtable discussion. The discussion was conducted under the Chatham House Rule, where comments were made on condition that they were not attributed to the speakers, (encourage) a free-flowing discussion.
A key point of argument in the discussion was the Internet should be funded. One participant was passionate about the ad-funded model: "It is a wonderful tool for accessing information, for consuming information and for the distribution of brands. "But another thought that the quality of content on the Internet inevitably suffers " you have other resources to fund it. "There are fears that ad revenue is insufficient to pay for all the content that is needed for the web. "Generally speaking, the ad-funded model puts a downward pressure on the quality of content."
The discussion returned to the question: will advertising continue as the main source of funding for the web, (fuel) its growth? Digital advertising faces some serious challenges if it is to keep the web free-one of which is concerns over the ethics of tracking people's online behavior their permission. The success of online ad campaigns is determined by the data that brands can access about Internet users. How old are they? What are their interests? Are they male or female, single or with children? Much of this data will be collected from cookies (download) on to users' computers. Cookie data allows web publishers to track users' online journeys and observe the actions they take on different websites. They can then sift through (筛选) data to identify （appropriate）places to run the ads.
