How can my son be a year old already?
My son turned one last week. The day marked the end of has been both the longest and shortest year of my life. I haven't slept for a year and I don't really know how time works any more. From the instant he was born, it's felt my son has always been part of this family.
How is he one already? First he was born, and was a sleepy ball of flesh then, and now in his place is a little boy who walk and has teeth and knows how to switch off the television at precisely the most important moment of anything I ever try to watch. It's not exactly (extraordinary) development in all of human history — child gradually gets older — but it's the first time I (see) it close up. It's honestly quite hard to grasp. Even photos of him (take) last week seem like a different boy. He's leaving milestone after milestone in his tiny parts of me along with them.
He'll never again be the tiny baby who lay in my arm, (suck) on my little finger in the middle of the night while his mum slept, will he be the baby amazed by the taste of solid food. Soon enough he'll stop being the baby who rests his head on my shoulder whenever he gets tired, or laughs uncontrollably whenever I say the word 'teeth' for reasons, I don't think I'll ever work out.
But I've had a year of this and it's ok. He's never going to stop changing, and I don't want him to. This sadness, this constant sense of loss, of time slipping just your grasp, is an important part of this process. He won't realise this, of course. He's got years of unbroken progress ahead of him, where everything will always be new. Years of his life will pass in a moment and he won't be able to understand where they've gone.
But it's ok. You can't freeze time. You just have to make the most of what you have.
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A forgotten B hesitate C initial D. marine E. marvelous F leisurely G sources H specific I symphony J tapped K. witnessed |
Touring Cenotes
My parents and I traveled to Mexico to visit my grandparents last summer, and we visited the cenotes (say-NO-tays), the natural swimming holes located on the Yucatán Peninsula. The term "swimming hole" might make you think that cenotes are just average, but cenotes are truly . I had the most exciting experience of my life exploring these wonders of nature.
Thousands of years old, the cenotes formed and created sinkholes underneath. Though the ancient Mayans (玛雅人) used the cenotes as water , people can now swim, dive, take photographs, and admire local trees and life, all through water as clear as liquid diamond.
In Cenote Azul, my parents, my grandparents, and I swam through water that seemed too blue to be real. I countless younger kids diving into the water from a small cliff, but I dared not to jump at first. I finally worked up the courage, and my try instantly put all my worries to rest.
A few days later, we went to Cenote Ponderosa. We stayed in the sun-covered pond, where we floated while others did diving and took underwater photographs. Being surrounded by a valley of trees made everything else in the world seem to disappear.
Grutas de Loltún were definitely the most magnificent of all the cenotes, even though there was no swimming involved. Grutas are caves, and the Grutas de Loltún are among the biggest caves on the entire Peninsula. Our guide, Carolina, walked us through several caves, where we saw many drawings thousands of years old on the cave walls! Just one brief look at those drawings made me feel like I had stepped back in time to a(n) era of history. Our group thought Carolina was joking when she claimed she could make the stalagmites(石笋) sing for us, but when she them, we heard what sounded like the words "Lol" and "Tun"—the name of the caves! I cannot imagine that a(n) played at a concert at Carnegie Hall would have been any better.
Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula is filled with beauty, but the cenotes are a one-of-a-kind opportunity to commune with nature in a way that is impossible anywhere else on Earth, and I would not to do it all again.
Recently, the Victorian Government brought in new rules. Victorian state schools will be banned from using facial recognition technology in classrooms unless they have the 1 of parents, students and the Department of Education.
Students may be justifiably horrified at the thought of being 2 as they move throughout the school during a day. But a roll marking system could be as simple as looking at a tablet or iPad once a day 3 being signed off on a paper roll. It simply depends on the implementation. Trials have already begun in independent schools and up to 100 campuses across Australia. According to the developers, the technology promises to save teachers up to 2.5 hours a week by 4 the need for them to mark the roll at the start of every class. Many students now have smart phones that recognise faces right now. There are also 5 face recognition apps for Android phones and iPhones. So face recognition is already in our schools.
And I argue that, like earlier technologies such as the motor vehicle and mobile phone, a strategy where adoption is managed to create the most good and least harm is appropriate. We shouldn't simply 6 it.
We are now in a golden age of face recognition. The main reason for rapid adoption is that recognition 7 has improved significantly in recent years. The simple application of this technology proposed for schools is to collect the student roll call 8 for classes. This is a compulsory requirement imposed by the education department.
However, 9 is often raised as an objection and this issue can never be dismissed lightly. Objections are mostly based on the collection and distribution of the photos. But every school 10 photos of their students already and schools have strict control over distribution. Such controls would necessarily be built into any school certified system. The only fundamental 11 of the process is whether a teacher or a computer recognizes the student.
Face recognition technologies will become widely adopted across society over the coming years. Concerns over implementation and privacy may 12 adoption in some places, but the 13 will come in and will change business practices right across the world once that happens.
In short, this technology has the ability to free up our time and reduce the costs. As with all new technologies, of course, face recognition 14 reasonable concerns. Constructive policies and dialog are the preferred way forward to gain the 15 benefit for society at large, and to make sure we do the least harm.
In university I had a part-time job at a shop that sold doughnuts and coffee. Situated on a block where several buses stopped, it served the people who had a few minutes to wait for their bus.
Every afternoon around four o'clock, a group of schoolchildren would burst into the shop, and business would come to a stop. Adults would glance in, see the crowd and pass on. But I didn't mind if the children waited for their bus inside. Sometimes I would hand out a bus fare when a ticket went missing — always repaid the next day. On snowy days I would give away some doughnuts. I would lock the door at closing time, and we waited in the warm shop until their bus finally arrived.
I enjoyed my young friends, but it never occurred to me that I played an important role in their lives — until one afternoon when a man came and asked if I was the girl working on weekdays around four o'clock. He identified himself as the father of two of my favorites.
"I want you to know I appreciate what you do for my children. I worry about them taking two buses to get home. It means a lot that they can wait here and you keep an eye on them. When they are with the doughnut lady, I know they are safe." I told him it wasn't a big deal, and that I enjoyed the kids.
So I was the Doughnut Lady. I not only received a title, but became a landmark.
Now I think about all the people who keep an eye on my own children. They become, well, Doughnut Ladies. Like the men at the skating rink (滑冰场) who let my boys ring home; Or the bus driver who drove my daughter to her stop at the end of the route at night but wouldn't leave until I arrived to pick her up; Or that nice police officer who took pity on my boys walking home in the rain when I was at work — even though the phone rang all the next day with calls from curious neighbors. "Was that a police car I saw at your house last night?"
That wasn't a police car. That was a Doughnut Lady.
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What do you remember about your life before you were three? Few people can remember anything that happened to them in their early years. Adults' memories of the next few years also tend to be unclear. Most people remember only a few events—usually ones that were meaningful and distinctive, such as being hospitalized or the birth of a new baby.
How might this inability to recall early experiences be explained? The passage of time does not account for it; adults have excellent recognition of pictures of people who attended high school with them 35 years earlier. Another seemingly reasonable explanation—that infants do not form enduring memories at this point in development—also is incorrect. Children two and a half to three years old remember experiences that occurred in their first year, and eleven month olds remember some events a year later.
However, three other explanations seem more promising. One involves physiological changes relevant to memory. Maturation of the frontal lobes (额叶) of the brain continues throughout early childhood, and this part of the brain may be critical for remembering particular episodes in ways that can be recalled later. Demonstrations of infants' and very young children's long-term memory have involved their repeating motor activities that they had seen or done earlier, such as reaching in the dark for objects, putting a bottle in a doll's mouth, or pulling apart two pieces of a toy. The brain's level of physiological maturation may support these types of memories, but not ones depending on clear verbal descriptions.
A second explanation involves the influence of the social world on children's language use. Hearing and telling stories about events may help children store information in ways that will endure into later childhood and adulthood. Through hearing stories with a clear beginning, middle, and ending children may learn to take out the idea of events in ways that they will be able to describe many years later. Consistent with this view parents and children increasingly engage in discussions of past events when children are about three years old. However, hearing such stories is not sufficient for younger children to form enduring memories. Telling such stories to two year olds does not seem to produce long-lasting verbalizable memories.
A third likely explanation for infantile memory loss involves mismatch between the ways in which infants encode information and the ways in which older children and adults recall it. Whether people can remember an event depends critically on the fit between the way in which they earlier encoded the information and the way in which they later attempt to recall it. The better the person is able to reconstruct the perspective from which the material was encoded, the more likely that recall will be successful.
A problem shared can be a problem doubled
People discuss their problems with friends in the hope that they'll gain some idea on how to solve them. And even if they don't find a way to solve their problems, it feels good to let off some steam. Indeed, having close friends to trust is a good relief against poor mental health.
The term psychologist's use for negative problem sharing is "co-rumination". Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems too much, repeatedly going over the same problems, expecting future problems and focusing on negative feelings. It is more about keeping talking about problems than solving them. In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age, researchers found that co-rumination in both boys and girls is associated with "high-quality" and close friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys).
If we look at the theory behind why individuals ruminate, it may shed some light on why friends co-ruminate. So if two people believe rumination is beneficial, then working together to co-ruminate to find answers may seem like a useful thing to do, as two heads may appear better than one. But focusing on problems and negative emotion together can increase negative beliefs and moods — and result in a greater need to co-ruminate.
Traditionally, therapy has not prioritised handling rumination or co-rumination directly as maintaining factors in psychological problems. Instead, approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have aimed to challenge only the content of rumination. Humanistic approaches such as counselling have provided conditions to potentially ruminate on the content of problems. And psychodynamic (心理动力的) approaches such as psychoanalysis have aimed to analyze the content of rumination.
But if this occurs in therapy, a strong therapeutic relationship may well be a positive outcome of co-rumination — regardless of whether the client's symptoms improve or not.
And, on the social side, discussing problems with friends doesn't always have to lead to worsening mental health, as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions. Then, relationships can be positive and beneficial to both parties, and a problem shared can really be a problem halved.
A. According to a leading theory on rumination, people believe that it will help them find answers and make them feel better.
B. How you co-ruminate matters too.
C. Focusing on the content of rumination runs the risk of fostering co-rumination between client and therapist.
D. How problems are discussed, though, can be the difference between halving a problem or doubling it.
E. Co-rumination with work colleagues can increase the risk of stress and tiredness, one study suggests.
F. Research shows that co-rumination is a double-edged sword.
Could you be flexitarian?
What kind of food do you eat? Are you conscious of the types of food you consume? Although there is research on the right diet to follow to help us maintain a healthy lifestyle — but it's hard to know which one to pick and, once chosen, it's harder still to stick to it. And now there's another choice for you.
A flexitarian diet involves eating plant-based foods and only occasionally eating meat and fish. This is a lovely alternative to being a vegetarian by not completely resisting meat.
This eating style allows you to supplement some ingredients that you wouldn't get in a stricter vegan (纯素) diet. And like veganism, flexitarianism isn't about eating carefully to help you lose a few pounds — it's something people choose for ethical reasons, to help the planet. And a study into the global food system and how it affects the climate, has found that eating mainly plant-based foods is one of three key steps towards a sustainable future for all.
This research found that food waste will need to be halved and farming practices will also have to improve to achieve this. But without a single solution, a combined approach is needed. Dr. Marco Springmann, one of the lead authors of the report argued "We really found that a combination of measures would be needed to stay within environmental limits and those include changes towards healthier more plant-based diets."
While vegans think it's wrong for animals to be killed for food, flexitarians believe eating meat once in a while is acceptable. And Dr. Springmann agrees — as long as we "treat it as a luxury, it's probably acceptable but you shouldn't have more than one serving of red meat, which includes beef and pork, per week." And here's another fact to digest: If we moved to this type of diet, the study found that greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture would be cut by more than half.
