1. (2023高三上·南阳开学考)  阅读理解

VARK is a questionnaire that helps with your learning by suggesting the strategies you should be using. According to VARK, some people learn best by reading materials, while others are more visually-oriented (视觉导向的) and must see something to understand. Others might fall into the auditory (听觉的) learning subtype, meaning they tend to understand materials by listening to instructions. There are also kinesthetic (动觉的) learners, or those who learn best through hands-on activities. 

Learning style theories had their popularity in the 1990s, when Beth Rogowsky was just starting as a middle school teacher. "At that time, when my students were given some learning material, if they disliked reading it, they could listen to it instead as long as they'd like to listen to others reading it; whatever they preferred, they would be encouraged to do it," says Rogowsky, who is now an associate professor of teaching and learning at Bloomsburg University in Pennsylvania.

But when it comes to preferred learning styles, there's a problem. The idea of using learning styles emerged in the 1980s as many researchers voiced their support, but few actually tested their concepts to confirm the validityin randomized, experimental settings. In the 2000s, when researchers started to do just that, they found little evidence that matching students to their supposed learning style helped them memorize information better.

Rogowsky herself has confirmed the belief that learning styles don't hold up in her recent studies. In one study published in Frontiers in Psychology this year, Rogowsky and her colleagues tested fifth-graders with preferred auditory and visual learning styles. Students were given standardized reading tests, in both written and audio formats. The team didn't uncover a relationship between their preferred learning styles and academic performance, according to Rogowsky.

The team's study noted that a preference to learn material using a certain method could mask skill lack. "Someone who prefers to learn by listening instead of visual approaches might just have underdeveloped reading skills. Letting students learn in their preferred manner doesn't push them to improve weaker skill sets," Rogowsky says. "If you need to improve your skills, don't just keep doing what's easy to you. "

1. （1） What's the purpose of Paragraph 1?

   A . To explain the complexity of the learning process. B . To inspire people to actively engage in a questionnaire. C . To show different people have different learning styles. D . To suggest using VARK to choose efficient learning styles.
3. （2） What did Beth Rogowsky use to do when she was a middle school teacher?

   A . Encourage students to learn creatively. B . Allow students to use their preferred learning style. C . Help students improve their reading and listening ability. D . Provide varied reading materials for students to choose from.
5. （3） What does the underlined word "validity" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

   A . Correctness. B . Fault. C . Arrangement. D . Budget.
7. （4） What can we learn from Beth Rogowsky's words in the last paragraph?

   A . Students need to focus on their academic performance. B . Students should stick to their favorite learning materials. C . Students hiding skill lack can boost their confidence. D . Students should go beyond a certain preferred learning style.