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新高考(公共版)2022-2023学年高一下学期开学考试英语...

更新时间:2023-02-13 浏览次数:85 类型:开学考试
一、阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
  • 1. 阅读理解

    Poland is known for food that is rich in meat. But as in many countries across the world, recent years have seen a rise in plant-based living. If you're a vegetarian traveller in Gdańsk looking for some meat-free options, make sure to pay these restaurants a visit!

    Pierogarnia Mandu

    A trip to Gdańsk would be incomplete without pierogi, dumplings containing sweet fillings. They're the ultimate Polish comfort food! This restaurant specializes in pierogi. You'll also get to watch the pierogi being made in full view of the restaurant. It's worth booking in advance as it's very popular.

    Avocado Vegan Bistro

    It is a small, comfortable cafe with a menu that includes classics like dumplings as well as daily specials. It can get pretty busy, so you may have to choose for takeaway rather than eating in, but the food is fresh and tasty. There is also a great selection of vegan (严格素食主义者) cakes and desserts to choose from, so it's worth a visit even if you've already eaten.

    Zakwasownia

    Also in Wrzeszcz is Zakwasownia, a vegan organic restaurant. The menu is not huge, but you can expect quality rather than quantity with dishes. There is a lot of attention to detail in the way that dishes are plated, creating a dining experience that feels a little fancy — perfect for a date night or a special occasion. There is also a children's menu, so it's family friendly, too.

    Manna 68

    Also in the Old Town is Manna 68, an only vegan restaurant. The menu is varied. Its central location makes it a perfect pit stop (短暂休息) after a day of exploring the streets of the Old Town. That also means it's a little pricier, but for quality food, friendly service and a comfortable atmosphere, it's worth it.

    1. (1) What can travelers experience in Pierogarnia Mandu?
      A . Choose for takeaway. B . Buy free comfort food. C . Make dumplings with families. D . Enjoy the process of making dumplings.
    2. (2) Which restaurant suits a young couple with a kid?
      A . Manna 68. B . Zakwasownia. C . Pierogarnia Mandu. D . Avocado Vegan Bistro.
    3. (3) Where is the text probably taken from?
      A . A textbook. B . An art magazine. C . A travel brochure. D . An academic article.
  • 2. 阅读理解

    Shirley Raines makes the homeless community in Los Angeles's skid row (贫民区) neighborhood feel human. She is the founder of Beauty 2 The Streetz, a nonprofit that provides free food, clothing, hair, and makeup services to the homeless. And Shirley is now the CNN Hero of the Year!

    In 1990, Raines' 2-year-old son Demetrius passed away from accidental poisoning while at his grandma's house. This event created a lot of pain for Shirley Raines. The pain lasted for many years. And she did not know what to do about it. She struggled to understand what her purpose was in life. Until one day ...

    Six years ago, Shirley visited skid row with a friend from church who asked her to volunteer. She met a lot of homeless people and realized how much help they needed. Not just in finding a home, but in finding themselves and their own worth and beauty.

    Shirley started to volunteer each Saturday. As she got to know the homeless, they often praised her makeup, hair, and style. She started to offer to "make up" the homeless. They loved it, she loved it, they loved her and she loved them. She found purpose. So she started an outdoor beauty salon to serve the homeless, which took most of her spare time.

    Raines started sharing her efforts on Instagram with photos and even live-streaming some of her events. Things took off. She formed her nonprofit, Beauty 2 The Streetz, and her followers quickly began donating to grow Shirley's impact. Her followers grew to over 200,000 people, including many beauty professionals such as licensed hairstylists, barbers, make-up artists. Many of them regularly donate money to keep the services rolling. Others donate their time to help Shirley serve the homeless.

    Shirley's boldness, caring, courage, consistency (连贯性), and desire to take action have led to making a real impact on people's lives. And she also served as a role model and inspiration to others.

    1. (1) What do we know about Beauty 2 The Streetz?
      A . It is formed by Shirley and other kind people. B . It aims to serve the homeless in several ways. C . It records some of Shirley's photos and events. D . It is a government organization that helps the homeless.
    2. (2) What did Shirley mainly do to help the homeless?
      A . Find them homes. B . Help them make up. C . Donate money to them. D . Share their lives on Instagram.
    3. (3) What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
      A . Shirley's impact on her community. B . The ways in which people help Shirley. C . How Shirley founded Beauty 2 The Streetz. D . The growing impact of Beauty 2 The Streetz.
    4. (4) Which words can best describe Shirley?
      A . Brave and bright. B . Selfless and caring. C . Selfless and independent. D . Ambitious and determined.
  • 3. 阅读理解

    Whether it's a tricky maths problem or an unexpected bill, life is full of stressful experiences. Now researchers have found that humans produce a different odour (气味) when under pressure and dogs can sniff it out.

    While previous studies have suggested dogs might pick up on human emotions, possibly through smell, questions remained over whether they could detect (察觉) stress and if this could be done through scent.

    Writing in the journal Plos One, Clara Wilson, a PhD student at Queens University Belfast and the first author of the research, and her colleagues report how they first constructed a stand bearing three containers, each topped by a lid with holes. The researchers were able to train four dogs to point out the container that was holding a particular breath and sweat sample taken at a different time of day, even when the lineup included unused gauze (纱布).

    With the team confident that the dogs understood the approach, they turned to breath and sweat samples from 36 people who had been asked to count backwards from 9,000 in units of 17. The participants reported feeling stressed by the task and for the 27 who carried it out in the lab, their blood pressure and heart rate rose.

    The dogs were taught to pick out samples taken just after the task from a lineup that included two containers holding unused gauze. The researchers then tested whether the dogs could do the same when the lineup included not only unused gauze but samples taken from the same participant just before the task, when they were more relaxed. Each set of samples was shown to a single dog in 20 trials. The results show that the dogs chose the "stressed" sample in 675 out of the 720 trials.

    "It was pretty amazing to see them be so confident in telling me ‘nope, these two things definitely smell different'," said Wilson. While it was unclear what chemicals the dogs were picking up on, the study shows humans produce a different odour when stressed. Wilson said it was possible that even untrained pet dogs might detect changes in odour when a human became stressed.

    1. (1) What did dogs detect human emotions by according to previous studies?
      A . Smell. B . Taste.    C . Expression. D . Hearing.
    2. (2) Why did the researchers use three containers at first?
      A . To have the dogs more confused. B . To hold the breath more stably. C . To let the dogs know the approach. D . To increase the reliability of containers.
    3. (3) What's the attitude of Clara Wilson towards the result of the test?
      A . Doubtful. B . Convinced. C . Indifferent. D . Negative.
    4. (4) Which may be the best title for the text?
      A . Your Smell Will Change When You Feel Nervous B . Dogs Know Why You Are Relaxed C . Your Emotional State Can Be Detected by Odour D . Dogs Can Sniff out When You Are Stressed
  • 4. 阅读理解

    The UK's largest and most advanced robotics centre, the National Robotarium, opened on Sep. 28th, 2022 in Edinburgh, is aimed to be a world-leading centre for robotics and artificial intelligence. It's hosted by Heriot-Watt University and the University of Edinburgh and received £21 million in funding from the UK government as well as £1.4 million from the Scottish government.

    Stewart Miller, the chief executive of the National Robotarium has said that society needs to prepare for the increased integration (融合) of robots but shouldn't fear the rise of artificial intelligence (AI). He told Sky News that "Necessarily there will be more robots in everybody's life. They'll be helping you at home, when you go out shopping, when you go to a hotel, they'll serve you, when you go to a theatre, everything. And in your working life."

    Internationally, some scientists have expressed concerns over rapid progress in the field of artificial intelligence. A new survey of researchers from the New York University Centre for Data Science found that more than a third (36%) of respondents that had published recent papers in the field thought that AI could produce catastrophic outcomes in this century, "on the level of all-out nuclear war".

    Mr. Miller said, "The thing to remember is that we, the humans, are in control. We decide how far it goes and doesn't go". He added, "A lot of people have already been working on making sure the software sitting behind AI has safeguards built into it." To make sure that, particularly when it's running on a robotic platform, it can't do any harm or at least we make sure it does as minimal harm as we possibly can. So those kinds of safeguards will be built in by the engineers. "We will have to put safeguards in place and make sure we have good controls around it, because artificial intelligence is a very powerful technology. But I think it has more things to bring that will be good than we have to worry about."

    1. (1) What can we learn about AI from paragraph 2?
      A . It brings fear to the whole society. B . It takes place of human labour. C . It helps human in many ways. D . It's generally applied to service industry.
    2. (2) What does the underlined word "catastrophic" mean in paragraph 3?
      A . Disastrous. B . Dramatic. C . Surprising. D . Promising.
    3. (3) What measures have been taken to avoid the threat from AI?
      A . Hiring safeguards. B . Setting up a security website. C . Purchasing security systems. D . Putting security software in place.
    4. (4) What's the text mainly about?
      A . Security defense of artificial intelligence. B . No need to worry about artificial intelligence. C . Wide application of artificial intelligence. D . No need to depend more on artificial intelligence.
二、任务型阅读(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
  • 5. 阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    Do you have days when you can't help but feel like something is missing? It's almost like a tiny voice is reminding you to make full use of your ability. That means telling you to become the best version (版本) of yourself.

    ● Set goals. If you don't have either a list of your short-term or long-term goals, you'd better start thinking and writing them down. Think of goals as more like a roadmap leading to your final destination, which is becoming your best version.  It means specific, measurable, attainable (可实现的), relevant, and time-bound.

     Someone who hates himself/herself can never become his/her best version because he/she is yet to fully understand their identity. Quit shying away from who you are and embrace (拥抱) every part of you, including your weaknesses. There is only one YOU in the world, so show yourself the most love.

    ● Don't be scared to try new things. In life, there are two types of people: the ones who try and the ones who don't try. Trust us, you don't want to be part of the latter. Try to open yourself to exploring new opportunities because only then can you be able to discover yourself and know what your best version of yourself might be.

    ● Surround yourself with a good circle.  Sometimes, what you think is the best version might not be until you change your circle. For example, you wish to one day live a peaceful and successful life, yet you surround yourself with wrongdoers. It is highly doubtful that you will get to attain that goal because the people around you are going to keep holding you down.

    A. Love yourself.

    B. Work towards it.

    C. Accept your shortcomings.

    D. Every goal you set must be SMART.

    E. Here are some tips to become the best version of yourself.

    F. As we know, you are as good as the people you hang out with.

    G. Understand yourself fully, or people around you may affect you.

三、完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
  • 6. 阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

    Eleven days ago my brother was in an accident. We do not really know the full story, only knowing that he was on an electric scooter (电瓶车) and flew off, landing on his 1. He had a head injury and we had no idea if he was going to 2. Twenty years ago we lost our mom to a head injury so it was really 3 because I know what the worst can be.

    My partner and I went to the hospital to join my stepmother at my brother's bedside. My brother looked much better than I feared, so I started feeling 4. Then he 5 the nurses while they tried to clean him a little. So they sedated (打镇静剂) him in 6 of the recovery of his brain.

    He was awake the next day but his personality was off, 7 severe brain damage. But I

    8 to wish for good luck and just thought of him living 9. I just worked on feeling gratitude for his 10 and recovery.

    He was 11 a few days later. Yesterday, he had a doctor's 12 to do some routine examinations about two thirds of the way between our homes, so he took a bus the rest of the way and I picked him up at the bus stop. He got to see my new home and play with my cat and we

    13 old family pictures. His 14 was 100% back to normal!

    He needs to rest and to not work for a few months, but he is going to be fine. He has learned a few life lessons and the 15 of cherishing life.

    (1)
    A . face B . bottom C . feet D . knees
    (2)
    A . leave B . succeed C . hurt D . survive
    (3)
    A . awkward B . impressive C . frightening D . confusing
    (4)
    A . regretful B . delightful C . hopeful D . stressful
    (5)
    A . transported B . fought C . pleased D . controlled
    (6)
    A . advance B . case C . memory D . consideration
    (7)
    A . meaning B . causing C . preventing D . demanding
    (8)
    A . decided B . continued C . expected D . offered
    (9)
    A . fortunately B . calmly C . normally D . cautiously
    (10)
    A . fame B . future C . luck D . health
    (11)
    A . discharged B . delivered C . fired D . accepted
    (12)
    A . order B . appointment C . wish D . forgiveness
    (13)
    A . looked through B . held up C . learned about D . picked out
    (14)
    A . confidence B . spirit C . energy D . personality
    (15)
    A . matter B . responsibility C . significance D . business
四、语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
  • 7. 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

    Here are some things about Cold Dew (寒露). The year  (divide) into 24 solar terms by the traditional Chinese lunar calendar. Cold Dew, the 17th solar term of the year, begins this year on Oct. 8  ends on Oct. 22.

    At this time, temperatures are much lower and the dew is greater and colder and there will be (little) rain. People always say that fishing in shallow water in autumn makes sense. That's because during the Cold Dew period, temperatures fall  (sharp) and sunshine doesn't reach deep water thoroughly. Fish swim to shallow water areas  the water temperature is relatively high.

    During Cold Dew, North China takes on a look of late autumn with red  (leaf), white clouds and early frost. People often climb hills to drive away evils. Though  (date) back to the Eastern Han Dynasty, it's still a custom people observe today.

    Besides, many regions in China have  custom of drinking chrysanthemum (菊花) wine to prevent autumn dryness. This is also a tradition of the Double Ninth Festival, which falls the ninth day of the ninth month in the Chinese calendar. It is said that drinking the wine (make) with chrysanthemums can help people keep young forever.

五、写作(共两节,满分40分)
  • 8. 假定你是学生会主席李华,你校下周将在学生活动中心举办主题为"The Importance of Failure"的英文演讲比赛,请给外教Mr. John写一封邮件,邀请他担任评委,内容包括:

    1)比赛时间、地点、主题;

    2)评委职责、评分标准(judging standards);

    3)进一步讨论细节。

    注意:

    1)词数80左右;

    2)开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;

    3)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

    Dear Mr. John,

    ……

    Yours sincerely,

    Li Hua

  • 9. 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。

    When my mother first got into tarot (塔罗牌), I kept my distance. I believed there was no realistic explanation for predicting someone's life through a pack of cards. Then one day, during the COVID-19 pandemic (新冠疫情), driven half out of boredom and half out of curiosity, I asked my mom to give me a reading. It was surprisingly accurate (准确的). She predicted the outcomes of various periods of time in my life and gave me advice based on her readings.

    In a tarot reading, the participant asks a question, and the reader will turn over a series of cards, explaining an answer based on each card's meaning. My mom examined the cards, pointing out their meanings as she worked to build the important message in response.

    My mom didn't believe in fortune telling. For her, that's not what tarot cards are about. She used tarot to offer insight, understanding, new viewpoints, or renewed hope on challenges the person she was reading for may be facing. The cards provide a space for deeper self-reflection and give the participant an opportunity to ask questions about situations they are currently struggling with. She said it was like a fun way of doing therapy (疗法) — instead of talking to a medical professional, you're playing a card game.

    For me, it's given me a way to open up to my mom again. When I moved away to college a few years later, we grew apart. Sometimes we wouldn't talk for a couple of weeks. When we did talk, I often felt like she couldn't offer me the advice I needed because my life had taken its own course. The next year I felt worn out, rearranging my role on the school newspaper with sports, work and classes. Over the phone, my mom advised me to drop some unpaid work with the newspaper, so I would have more time to manage everything else.

    注意:

    1)续写词数应为150左右;

    2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

    I told her that was unreasonable.

    ……

    In our tarot readings, my cards kept telling me to be patient with my study.

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