一、单选题:本大题共<strong><span>7</span></strong>小题,共<strong><span>28</span></strong>分。
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1.
人工核转变是指人类通过特定的实验手段,将原子核中的质子、中子和其他粒子进行增加、减少、替换等改变,从而使原子核的性质发生变化的过程。在核反应方程
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsubsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsubsup%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EH%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ee%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsubsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmpadded%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EN%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmpadded%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E7%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E14%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsubsup%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EN%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%86%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsubsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E8%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E17%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsubsup%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EX%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
中,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EX%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
表示的是
A . 电子
B . 质子
C . 中子
D .
粒子
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5.
输电能耗演示电路如图所示。左侧理想变压器原、副线圈匝数比为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%3A%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 输入电压有效值为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E9%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%80%85%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EV%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的正弦式交流电。连接两理想变压器的导线总电阻为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%80%85%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3E%CE%A9%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 负载
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的阻值为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E8%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%80%85%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3E%CE%A9%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。右侧理想变压器原、副线圈匝数比为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%3A%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
消耗的功率为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EP%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。以下计算结果正确的是
( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/04/16/e2/1f/e21f89b4b32a26ee6c0004d174cbf7dc.jpeg)
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6.
某次排球比赛中,甲运动员在离地高度为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Eh%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E2.8%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%80%85%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
处将排球水平击出;乙运动员在离地
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Eh%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1.0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%80%85%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
处将排球垫起,垫起后球的速度大小相等,方向相反,且与水平方向成
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E37%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C2%B0%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。已知排球质量
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E0.3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%80%85%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ek%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Eg%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 取重力加速度
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Eg%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E10%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%80%85%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2F%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Es%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 不计空气阻力。以下说法正确的是
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/04/16/a2/5f/a25fe1fb435682fa2533e8938942f22d.jpeg)
A . 排球在垫起前在空中运动的时间为
B . 排球水平击出时的初速度大小为
C . 排球与乙同学作用的过程中所受合外力冲量的大小为
D . 排球被垫起后运动到最高点时距离地面的高度为
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二、多选题:本大题共<strong><span>3</span></strong>小题,共<strong><span>18</span></strong>分。
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9.
甲、乙两辆车初始时相距
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E1200%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%80%85%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 甲车在后、乙车在前,乙车在
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E8%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%80%85%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Es%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
时刻开始运动,它们在同一直线上做匀变速直线运动,速度
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%80%94%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
时间图像如图所示,则下列说法正确的是
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/04/16/6d/69/6d69f9c31a318a32f2427c8e45544c0c.jpeg)
A . 乙车的加速度大小为
B . 两辆车在
时速度相等
C . 两辆车可能相撞
D . 甲车停下时,乙车在甲车前面
处
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三、实验题:本大题共<strong><span>2</span></strong>小题,共<strong><span>16</span></strong>分。
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11.
某实验小组为了验证小球所受向心力与角速度、半径的关系,设计了如图甲所示的实验装置,转轴
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EM%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EN%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
由小电机带动,转速可调,固定在转轴上
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
点的力传感器通过轻绳连接一质量为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的小球,一根固定在转轴上的光滑水平直杆穿过小球,保证小球在水平面内转动,直杆最外边插一小遮光片
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EP%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 小球每转一周遮光片
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EP%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
通过右边光电门时可记录遮光片最外边的挡光时间,某次实验操作如下:(1)
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/04/16/61/fa/61fa65c66bd8851a9e87c62be3805915.png)
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(1)
用螺旋测微器测量遮光片
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EP%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的宽度
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ed%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 测量结果如图乙所示,则
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ed%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。
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(2)
如图甲所示,安装好实验装置,用刻度尺测量遮光片最外端到转轴
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
点的距离记为,测量小球球心到转轴
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
点的距离记为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EL%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。开动电动机,让小球转动起来,某次遮光片通过光电门时光电门计时为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Et%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 则小球此时的角速度等于
。
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
用字母
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ed%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
、
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Et%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
、
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EL%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
、
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EL%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
中的部分字母表示
-
(3)
验证向心力与半径关系时,让电动机匀速转动,遮光片
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EP%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
每次通过光电门的时间相同,调节小球球心到转轴
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
点的距离
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EL%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的长度,测出每一个
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EL%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的长度以及其对应的力传感器的读数
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EF%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 得出多组数据,画出
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EF%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EL%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的关系图像应该为
。
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/04/16/8e/da/8eda99340b7e33110ad1247543073764.png)
-
(4)
验证向心力与角速度关系时让小球球心到转轴
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
点距离
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EL%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
不变,调节电动机转速,遮光片
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EP%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
每次通过光电门的时间不同,记录某次挡光时间
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Et%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
同时记录此时力传感器的读数
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EF%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 得出多组
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EF%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
与
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Et%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的数据,为了准确验证小球所受向心力
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EF%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
与角速度
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3E%CF%89%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的关系,利用实验测量应画
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
选填“
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EF%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Et%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
”“
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EF%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Et%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
”“
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EF%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Et%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
”或“
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EF%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Et%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
”
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
关系图。
-
-
(1)
某实验小组设计了如图所示的测量电路,为了准确测量
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的阻值,电流表应选
,电压表应选
,滑动变阻器应选
。
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
填各器材前面的序号
-
(2)
他们根据第
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
问中所选器材的相关数据按照图示电路连接好电路,闭合开关
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 然后
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
选填“闭合
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
断开
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
”或“闭合
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
断开
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
”
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 调节
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EP%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
到合适位置,分别读出电压表和电流表读数为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EU%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
和
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EI%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 测得
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EU%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EI%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。
-
(3)
调节
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EP%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
得出多组
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EU%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
和
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EI%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的值,算出多组
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
值,然后取平均值,此平均值即为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的测量值。
-
(4)
该实验小组分析了实验误差,发现测量值
真实值
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
选填“大于”“等于”或“小于”
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 于是设计了一个新的操作方案:
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3E%E2%91%A0%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
仍按如图所示连接好电路;
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3E%E2%91%A1%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
闭合
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
之后,再闭合
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
断开
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 调节
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EP%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
让电流表、电压表有合适值,读出此时的电压表读数
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EU%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
;
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3E%E2%91%A2%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
不调动
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EP%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的位置,断开
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
和
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 让电流表与
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
直接串联,读出此时电流表读数为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EI%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
;
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3E%E2%91%A3%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
计算得
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的测量值为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EU%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EI%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。请你分析一下这个新的操作方案有没有系统误差
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
分析时可认为,不调动
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EP%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
位置则
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EP%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
间的电压不变
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
:
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的测量值
真实值
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
选填“大于”“等于”或“小于”
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。
四、计算题:本大题共<strong><span>3</span></strong>小题,共<strong><span>38</span></strong>分。
-
13.
小林同学在实验室探究气体状态变化规律,如图所示,实验室有一下端有小段软管、导热性能良好的
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EU%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
型管,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EU%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
型管左端封闭右端开口,左管内用水银柱封闭一段气体,可看成理想气体,左端封闭的气体长度
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EL%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E22%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%80%85%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 左右两管水银柱高度相同都为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EH%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E28%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%80%85%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EU%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
型管的非软管部分粗细均匀,已知大气压强为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E75%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%80%85%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EH%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Eg%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 实验室温度为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E27%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3E%E2%84%83%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 管的粗细相对水银柱的高度来说可忽略不计,求:
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/04/16/a1/70/a17054412162ed8f623ed10203169a85.jpeg)
-
(1)
现将
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EU%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
型管右管缓慢放置水平,此过程水银柱没有溢出,此时水银柱右端离右管口的距离多大?
-
(2)
小林同学利用这个
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EU%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
型管和一把刻度尺,能测量不同环境的温度,他将
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EU%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
型管移到另一个封闭环境
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
如题图所示竖直放在地面上
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 左端气柱长度明显变短,小林同学将右管缓慢旋转,使得左管气体长度恢复原长
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E22%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%80%85%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。此时,小林用刻度尺测出右管水银面离地面的竖直高度为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E22%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%80%85%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 依据这些条件可求出这个封闭环境温度为多少摄氏度?
-
14.
质谱仪是最早用来测定微观粒子比荷
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Eq%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的精密仪器,某一改进后带有速度选择器的质谱仪能更快测定粒子的比荷,其原理如图所示,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
为粒子加速器,加速电压
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EU%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
为速度选择器,其中磁场与电场正交,磁场磁感应强度为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 两板距离为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ed%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
为粒子偏转分离器,磁感应强度为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 今有一比荷为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ek%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
未知
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的正粒子
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EP%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 不计重力,从小孔
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
“飘入”
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
初速度为零
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 经加速后,该粒子从小孔
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
进入速度选择器
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 恰能通过速度选择器,粒子从小孔
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
进入分离器
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
后做匀速圆周运动,恰好打在照相底片
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ED%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
点上,测出
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ED%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
点与
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
距离为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EL%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。求:
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/04/16/a4/81/a4815fff7201c15f22228dea5438a390.jpeg)
-
(1)
粒子
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EP%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的比荷
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ek%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
为多大;
-
(2)
速度选择器的电压
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EU%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
应为多大;
-
(3)
另一粒子
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EQ%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
同样从小孔
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
“飘入”,保持
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EU%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
和
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ed%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
不变,调节
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EU%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的大小,使粒子
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EQ%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
能通过速度选择器进入分离器
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 最后打到照相底片上的
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EF%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
点
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
在
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ED%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
点右侧
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 测出
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EF%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
点与
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3ED%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
点距离为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 则可得粒子
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EQ%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
比荷
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ek%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 求
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ek%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
用
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Ek%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
表示
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。
-
15.
如图所示,一足够长倾斜角
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3E%CE%B8%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E30%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C2%B0%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的斜面顶端放置一长木板
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 木板
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
上表面的某处放置一小滑块
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
可看成质点
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 已知
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
和
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的质量分别为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
和
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 木板
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
顶端与滑块
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
相距为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EL%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E0.9%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%80%85%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的地方固定一光滑小球
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
可看成质点
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 已知小球
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的质量为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
与
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
之间的动摩擦因数
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3E%CE%BC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
与斜面间动摩擦因数
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3E%CE%BC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 假设最大静摩擦力等于滑动摩擦力,重力加速度
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Eg%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E10%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%80%85%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2F%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3Es%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 将固定的光滑小球
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
由静止释放,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
与
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
会发生弹性碰撞,求:
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/04/16/45/53/4553ecd49b9b3001d4a3c1c0f8da46f0.jpeg)
-
(1)
小球
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
与滑块
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
碰后瞬间各自的速度分别多大;
-
(2)
要使小球
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
再次碰到滑块
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
之前
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
未能滑出
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
下端,则木板
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi+mathvariant%3D%22normal%22%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
至少多长;
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