1. (2024高三上·河北模拟)  阅读理解

As founder of the Global Water Policy Project and lead expert for National Geographic's Freshwater Initiative, Sandra's goal is to promote the conservation and sustainable use of the Earth's freshwater resources.

Sandra says she grew up in New York as a Long Island beach kid. She was always a ware of the "comfort, peace, and balance" offered by the natural world, especially the environments of wetlands and rivers. Before starting work on a project, Sandra considers an area's "geography of water": the amount of water in the area's basin, the population, and the agricultural use of water. The geography of water helps Sandra determine an area's water stress. Water stress is the situation where a community is using more water than nature made available.

Sandra first became aware of the concept of water stress after reading Swedish hydrologist Malin Falkenmark's book Water for a Starving World. This groundbreaking work linked water use, food and population. As Sandra began to understand water stress, she realized it affects everything, from a community's development to its political security. "So many great civilizations developed alongside rivers and lakes," she says, pointing to the ancient civilizations of Ur (between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers), Egypt (which developed on the Nile), and the Indus River Valley.

Today, Sandra points out, more than 200 rivers are shared between two or more nations. Dams and other river management techniques implemented (实施) by nations upstream have a huge impact on nations downstream. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers have their sources in Turkey, for example, but their basins are in Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Syria. River management from Turkey would impact the freshwater available to these countries for drinking, hygiene (卫生), industry, and transportation. 

Water management has become part of many nations' foreign policy. Sandra points to the Mekong River Commission. The headwaters of the Mekong River are in China, although the basin is nearly 800,000 square kilometers and includes the nations of Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. Many governments are members of the Mekong River Commission, which promotes sustainable development of the water supply.

1. （1） What did water mean to Sandra as a child?

   A . It represented a kind of spirit. B . It caused stress to her life. C . It brought many obstacles to her. D . It offered a way for transportation.
3. （2） What can we learn from paragraph 3?

   A . Water stress was perfectly settled. B . Water contributed much to the world culture. C . Water had no impact on the steadiness of a nation. D . Water crisis was recognized before Malin's book.
5. （3） What inspiration can we get from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers?

   A . Upstream countries have priorities. B . Every country has its policy for rivers. C . Rivers across countries are decreasing. D . Source governance of rivers is critical.
7. （4） What's the purpose of the author taking the Mekong River as an example?

   A . To show its importance to the locals. B . To emphasize its great volume of flow. C . To show the power of cooperation. D . To tell its challenges to related nations.