1. (2023高一下·苏州开学考) 阅读理解

Protected areas have mixed success in protecting wildlife, according to the largest study on the effects of reserves(保护区).

A team led by researchers from the U. K. examined water bird data from 1,506 protected areas and analyzed more than 27, 000 bird populations across the world. The authors write that their study, published in Nature, is the first robust(强有力的), global assessment of protected area influence on bird populations. The scientists found that protected areas with management of water birds and their habitats were more likely to benefit those populations.

"Our study shows that, while many protected areas are working well, many others are failing to have positive effect," lead author Hannah Wauchope of the University of Exeter says in a statement. Rather than focusing only on the total global area protected, we need more focus on ensuring areas are well-managed to benefit biodiversity(生物多样性) . "The study compared water bird populations before and after the establishment of protected areas and also compared trends of similar populations within and outside of protected areas. Water birds respond quickly to changes in site quality, making them a good group to look at when studying the impact of protected areas.

"In the majority of places we looked at, wildlife populations were still stable or were increasing, but they weren't doing any better than in unprotected areas," Wauchope says. "That's disappointing, but not surprising. There seems to be this disconnect between people talking about how much land is protected and whether those areas are actually doing anything positive. "

This research comes ahead of a United Nations meeting in China to discuss biodiversity goals for the next decade. Several countries have already devoted to protecting 30 percent of the planet by 2030, yet researchers say protection alone does not necessarily ensure positive outcomes for species.

"Efforts to reach a certain area-based goal such as 30 percent by 2030--without a focus on improving the condition of existing protected areas will achieve little," says co-author Julia Jones from Bangor University. "When world leaders gather in China later this year to set goals for the next decade, I really hope to see a focus on effectiveness of protected areas, rather than simply how much surface area is devoted to them. "

"We are not saying protected areas don't work," Wauchope concludes in the statement. "The key point is that their effects vary hugely, and the biggest thing this depends on is whether they are managed with species in mind-we can't just expect protected areas to work without effective management."

1. （1） What is the purpose of the UK's study?

   A . To see whether bird populations have increased in protected areas. B . To test whether water birds can adapt to new environments. C . To record the changes of water birds worldwide. D . To help water birds survive in hard conditions.
3. （2） Why are water birds chosen as the study subject?

   A . They are an endangered species B . They can sense environmental changes. C . They can help change the quality of waters. D . They can hardly be found outside protected areas.
5. （3） What fact makes Wauchope feel disappointed?

   A . Protected areas are not attractive to water birds. B . There is a decline in the number of protected areas. C . There is not enough protected land around the world. D . Protected areas fail to work better than unprotected areas.
7. （4） What is Hannah Wauchope's advice about protected areas?

   A . They should occupy a large area. B . They should host various animals. C . They should be under good management. D . They should give water birds more freedom.