Some of the most well-known cities in the world have gone through at least one name change. The new names often exhibit shifts of power, or may honor a specific person. Here are some that were once known by other names.
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Saigon became Ho Chi Minh City in 1975 when it joined the Gia Dinh Province of Vietnam after the end of the Vietnam War. It was renamed after a previous communist prime minister, as the new name represented the north's success. However, many people still refer to the city by its original name.
Mumbai, India
The city formerly known as Bombay officially became Mumbai in 1995 when the Shiv Sena political party rose to power. The Shiv Sena party saw Bombay as a relic of Britain's colonial legacy (殖民遗产), and Mumbai was just one of many places in the country to receive a non-British name.
Istanbul, Turkey
Constantine the Great originally gave the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire the name of Constantinople, or "City of Constantine. " The city went by this name or variations of it even after the Ottomans took it over in 1453; it was formally renamed Istanbul in 1930, not long after the Republic of Turkey was created.
Oslo, Norway
A fire destroyed the city of Oslo in 1624, during King Christian IV's rule. When the settlement was being rebuilt, King Christian IV insisted on renaming Norway's largest urban center after himself as Christiania (which later became Kristiania). In 1925, the city's original name was restored to Oslo.
A family's cat has finally been recovered after three weeks of being on the run in Boston's Logan International Airport. The cat -named Rowdy-had been successfully avoiding airport workers, airline employees, and animal experts since escaping from a pet container. Rowdy was finally caught Wednesday.
"Whether out of exhaustion or hunger we'll never know, but this morning she finally let herself be caught," an airport spokesperson said.
Rowdy is to be given a health examination and then returned to her family. "I'm kind of in disbelief," said her owner, Patty Sahli. "I thought, 'What are the odds we're actually going to get her back?' But I got a call this morning and I am just so shocked. "
Rowdy's time on the run began June 24. Sahli and her husband, Rich, returned to the United States from 15 years in Germany with the Army. When their Lufthansa airlines flight landed, the 4-year-old black cat with green eyes escaped her cage. She was chasing some birds in the area.
Soon Rowdy herself was on the object of a chase. Her escape set off a big search involving airport and Lufthansa workers. Construction workers, and animal welfare experts got involved as well. They used wildlife cameras and safe-release traps in an attempt to catch Rowdy. Many people saw Rowdy during her extended airport visit. However, the cat always escaped those who chased her.
Now, with Rowdy safely contained, a little calm has been returned to the airport. "It was such a community effort," said Sahli, adding, "we're just so grateful to everyone who helped look for her. "
Australia is unique in many ways. It's home to a wide range of landscapes and some of the most unusual animals on Earth. The Land Down Under is also the only place on Earth that qualifies as both a country and a continent. The definition of a continent isn't as concrete as you might expect, but a few qualities help earn Australia that distinction.
The land mass's status (地位) as a country is for sure. A country is defined as "a nation with its own government, occupying a particular territory," and since 1901, the Commonwealth of Australia—as it's officially known—has fit that description.
Australia's claim to be a continent is less strong. There's no scientific definition used to categorize continents. They tend to be large land masses with their own tectonic plates (地壳板块), and isolated enough to produce unique cultures and plant and animal populations. These aren't hard and fast rules, however. Europe and Asia share a tectonic plate, but their cultural differences justify separating them into two continents (though the boundary separating one from the other is constantly changing). When it comes to what makes Australia a continent, size is the most minor factor. It's the smallest continent at 2. 9 million square miles, and it's actually closer in size to Greenland than it is to South America. So what makes Australia a continent and Greenland an island?
Australia's distinctiveness carries a lot of weight here. Its isolated location allowed it to support native groups of people with distinct cultures as well as wildlife that can't be found elsewhere on the planet. The native cultures and animals of Greenland, however, can also be found throughout the Arctic.
Researchers based in the greater Yellowstone National Park area have found a new way to identify mountain lions-also referred as pumas- by using facial recognition. And it is proving to be effective to monitor these creatures that are highly elusive. "Mountain lions are really hard to directly observe." said Peter Alexander, a research biologist leading the research project.
One tool they once used is a camera trap, which is attached to something along the animal's regular path. When motion is detected, the trap gets a shot of the mountain lion as it passes by. The cameras even have an infra-red (红外线的)flash for nighttime photos without disturbing the animal.
Researchers around the world use this type of tool to estimate population numbers of species. But according to Alexander, there's a problem with this method when it comes to ID'ing mountain lions.
All mountain lion around the world have light, sandy colored fur down their sides. The scientific name for a mountain lion, Puma concolor, literally translates to "one color". This lack of unique coloration (自然花纹)on the their body sides means researchers like Alexander can't usually tell if one puma crosses a camera trap five times, or if five individual animals pass by.
However, it's a different story with their distinctive facial markings. Alexander and his team added some devices to their camera traps so that when motion was detected, a puma kitten call was played. This noise reliably attracted passerby pumas so that they looked up long enough for the camera trap to grab a shot for facial recognition.
Compared to the traditional side angle camera trap, the new attention-getting device was about 92% more accurate. This work was recently published in the journal Ecology and Evolution.
This study is an important step to being able to more confidently identify and track animals. Getting head images of mountain lions also opens up new opportunities to involve AI techniques. Alexander says that this new camera trap method could be used for tracking other wild animals that lack distinguishing side colors but have unique features elsewhere.
Some love speaking in public, while others are scared at the thought of it. Stage fright is perfectly normal.. Stage fright is a constant fear aroused in an individual when required to perform in front of an audience. So how do you overcome stage fright when speaking in public?
Nothing will stop stage fright more effectively than being prepared. Know your content， your speech and more importantly your audience. If you know what you are talking about then you have no reason to be nervous. Also, should a technical problem occur, you can stay cool as you are already confident on the subject.
Practice, Practice, Practice
. You also need to practice as much as you can before the performance or public speaking d-day. So practice preferably in front of a live audience as much as possible to build your confidence.
Talk Yourself Down
Even though stage fright is "all in the mind," the fear appears itself in physical ways. The best solution is to change your negative talk. Stop worrying about "What if I forget the content?" . For example," What if I am great at this?" It may sound too easy, but a positive belief will greatly reduce stage fright.
It Is Not All About You
Though you might feel like everyone is out to laugh, criticize or judge you, that is not the case. Get over the feeling that the world is going to hang on your every mistake. Just focus on your speech, audience and what they deserve from you. .
A. Know Your Stuff B. Stay calm and cool C. Change that into positive talk D. Sooner or later, something will go wrong E. This will ease the pressure that is already building up F. To fully overcome it, it is important to understand what stage fright is G. Knowing your stuff helps, but it doesn't necessarily wipe out the problem |
"Dolls have a power we don't completely understand," Amy Jandrisevit said. Working as a pediatric oncology (儿科肿瘤学) social worker，she used1 to help young patients adapt to their changing2 situations. For the kids3 a leg or having lost their hair, they could relate to none and were confused. So when a friend4 that her child was amputated (截肢), Jandrisevit knew what might help the youth through this5 period. "It's hard to help kids build self-esteem (自尊) just by telling them they are abnormal", she says.
Jandrisevit went about6 that. She made a doll by hand like her friend's child and7 it off. After the friend received it and8 a photo online of the happy child and doll, another woman asked Jandrisevits for a doll9 her daughter, who lost her hair. 10 spread, and soon Jandrisevits was making dolls for children, which share their characteristics. She started a nonprofit, A Doll Like Me.
Working at home, Jandrisevits spends11 seven hours on each doll. She hasn't 12 for a doll since she began her nonprofit. The waiting list is long, but Jandrisevits keeps13 . As she explains,"Every kid,14 gender, age, or medical issue, should look into the15 face of a doll and see their own. "
You may sometimes notice athletes with purple circles on their skin from cupping. Or maybe you know someone swears by acupuncture (针灸) for their back pain. More and more people use practices from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to not only fight disease, but also prevent it. TCM is ancient system of health and wellness that (use) in China for thousands of years.
Western medicine focuses mainly on treating disease, TCM looks at your entire well-being. Western medicine tends (view) the body a lot like a car. It has different systems that need the right inputs and outputs. TCM doesn't focus on science and medicine. Instead, it is based balance, harmony, and energy.
There are two central ideas behind TCM. One is qi, the other yin and yang. Qi is also called life energy or vital energy. The belief is that it (run) throughout your body. It's always on the move and (constant) changes. Yin and Yang are opposites (describe) the qualities of qi. The belief is that everything in life has its opposite, and balance is the key. For example, a drug from your doctor might heal a disease. But it's (harm) if you take too much of it.
It was the worst day ever and I'll never forget it. The day began as usual. My husband, Alan, entered his office in our home and participated in conference calls. In the kitchen, I could hear him speaking on the phone to his boss. Suddenly, I heard some words that were absolutely alarming.
When he exited his office moments later, my fears were confirmed- Alan had been laid off. I hugged him as my heart sank, and my mind raced: What were we going to do with his unemployment? Would we lose our house if we couldn't afford to pay for it?
"We'll be fine," he said.
"I know," I responded.
But, frankly, neither of us was very convincing. I wanted to be in bed with covers over my head, but I had to make my way to work. It was an hour into my shift before I received a call from the doctor. I had noticed some strange lumps in my neck, and he'd been performing tests to determine the cause
"You have cancer," he stated. I distinctly remember my response: "What?" I must have misheard. It sounded like he said I had cancer, but that was completely ridiculous. I had always been healthy and cancer was out of the question. The doctor repeated those terrible words. It was true: Cancer was in my body. He went on discussing future treatment plans and appointments, I think. I really wasn't listening anymore.
As I drove home, I thought about how wonderful things had been up until this day. Now it's time to pay back for all those amazing years. I prepared myself for a hopeless future, or no future at all.
Alan hugged me when I arrived home, and I cried as he held me tight. "Someday in the future, we're going to write about today," he whispered in my ear, "and we'll call it Worst Day Ever. "
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
We cheered ourselves up and stopped feeling sorry.
All the efforts eventually paid off.
