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天津市红桥区2022-2023学年高三下学期学期期初英语试卷

更新时间:2023-03-16 浏览次数:43 类型:开学考试
一、单项填空(共15个小题,每小题1分,满分15分)
二、完型填空(共20个小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)
  • 16. 阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从16~35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

    I was walking down the path after visiting the Vashistha Cave. Then I realised that a big monkey 1 itself ahead, blocking my path.I2,fearing that any movement might annoy him. It was a 3 situation. I had to 4 but running wasn't an option. Worse, any movement on my part produced a5 response from the monkey.

    Moments later, I took two tentative steps, only to see the monkey match my 6. My mind was racing with several thoughts. I called my driver and started 7 towards the main road, he alongside, a bit 8 as this was not his regular beat. Suddenly, my car 9.I quietly went ahead, opened the back door, and 10 him to join me in the car, just for fun. I almost burst into 11 as he did the same. I jumped into the car before he could 12 me. The driver 13 immediately.

    Later, having picked up some bananas down the road, we 14 to the spot where we had left him. Placing the bananas near the road, I waved my arm, 15 him to get them. With eyes locked on mine, he didn't 16. As we drove away, I turned around to see the monkey approach the 17.Perhaps he now realised that I wasn't a(n) 18 at all.

    I came away thinking that our own insecurities 19 us from understanding others, whether humans or other creatures. We might be able to understand other people better if we attempt to understand 20 first.

    (1)
    A . hid B . hurt C . parked D . controlled
    (2)
    A . fell B . froze C . rushed D . jumped
    (3)
    A . tense B . simple C . pleasant D . concrete
    (4)
    A . get away B . break in C . hold on D . give up
    (5)
    A . rare B . wrong C . proper D . similar
    (6)
    A . action B . wisdom C . character D . appearance
    (7)
    A . rolling B . walking C . driving D . cycling
    (8)
    A . satisfied B . relaxed C . embarrassed D . worried
    (9)
    A . died B . crashed C . arrived D . disappeared
    (10)
    A . forced B . signaled C . reminded D . taught
    (11)
    A . life B . tears C . anger D . laughter
    (12)
    A . cheat B . follow C . accept D . find
    (13)
    A . shot off B . slowed down C . cheered up D . came along
    (14)
    A . fled B . pointed C . returned D . connected
    (15)
    A . begging B . training C . ordering D . inviting
    (16)
    A . nod B . speak C . move D . pause
    (17)
    A . car B . cave C . fruit D . driver
    (18)
    A . enemy B . visitor C . stranger D . owner
    (19)
    A . save B . excuse C . protect D . prevent
    (20)
    A . environment B . animals C . adventure D . resources
三、阅读理解(共20个小题,每小题2.5分,满分50分)
  • 17. (2020高一上·哈尔滨开学考) 阅读理解

    "Have a nice day!" may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression. When my friend Maxie says "Have a nice day" with a smile, I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. I feel loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well.

    "Have a nice day. Next!" This version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door. The words come out in the same tone(腔调)with a fixed procedure. They are spoken at me, not to me.Obviously, the concern for my day and everyone else's is the management's attempt to increase business.

    The expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with each other. Sometimes it indicates the end of a meeting. As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end. Sometimes the expression saves us when we don't know what to say. "Oh, you just had a tooth out? I'm terribly sorry, but have a nice day."

    The expression can be pleasant. If a stranger says "Have a nice day" to you, you may find it heart-warming because someone you don't know has tried to be nice to you.

    Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is a little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it's nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don't care all that much. While the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.

    1. (1) How does the author understand Maxie's words?
      A . Maxie shows her anxiety to the author. B . Maxie really wishes the author a good day. C . Maxie encourages the author to stay happy. D . Maxie really worries about the author's security.
    2. (2) What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?
      A . The salesgirl is rude. B . The salesgirl is bored. C . The salesgirl cares about me. D . The salesgirl says the words as a routine.
    3. (3) By saying "Have a nice day," a stranger may       .
      A . try to be polite to you B . express respect to you C . give his blessing to you D . share his pleasure with you
    4. (4) According to the last paragraph, people say "Have a nice day"       .
      A . sincerely B . as thanks C . as a habit D . encouragingly
    5. (5) What is the best title of the passage?
      A . Have a Nice Day — a Social Custom B . Have a Nice Day — a Pleasant Gesture C . Have a Nice Day — a Heart-warming Greeting D . Have a Nice Day — a Polite Ending of a Conversation
  • 18. 阅读理解

    Most Chinese know the story of mythological Chang'e. It's a story about a woman who takes an immorality pill and flies to the moon. The story is s0 popular that people can't hear the word Chang'e without thinking of romantic images of a moon goddess.

    For this reason, China's mission to the moon was calling for a strong female figure. Therefore, pictures of a 24-year-old female space commander have gone viral on Chinese social media for her work on the Chang'e-5 Moon exploration programme with comments about how she is a "frontline soklier in the field of aerospace" that young Chinese can look up to.

    Ms Zhou, 24-year-old lady of the Tujia ethnic group, is China's youngest ever space commander. She was involved in the successful launch of the Chang'e-5 lunar probe on 24 November, in charge of the rocket connector system, described as a key role.

    In Wenchang space launch site, though she is only 1.58 meters tall and looks "mini", she is called "Big Sister" for her powerful core and energy. Since senior high, she has dreamed! of being a member of a space research team. With her great efforts, she was admitted to an aircraft system and engineering major of a domestic university in 2014, making her acrospace dream come true. To grow into a commander, in two and a half years, she changed five positions to be familiar with multiple posts and types of work, each of which takes great courage and is full of challenges. In a working space with no air conditioning and narrow space to accommodate only three people, she worked for 60 days until the completion of "the Long March 5 rocket goes around" battle.

    Her story has received attention from Chinese state-run media as well as overseas media outlets. However, it has not appeared to have had much of an effect on her. According to the media, she declined repeated requests for interviews because she does not wish to let fame get in the way of her work.

    1. (1) Why does the writer mention the myth of Chang'e at the beginning of the passage?
      A . To tell a romantic story. B . To spread Chinese culture. C . To introduce the topic. D . To give an example.
    2. (2) What makes people think of Ms Zhou as a pioneer for the youth in aerospace?
      A . Her youth and beauty. B . Her pictures on the media. C . Her identity of the Tujia ethnic group. D . Her performance in the moon-landing program.
    3. (3) Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
      A . She was the youngest space commander of the Tujia ethnic group. B . She was called "Big Sister" not because of her physical strength but her central status. C . To become a commander, she took five challenging and courageous jobs in two and a half years. D . She worked in severe conditions for 60 days until the Long March 5 rocket was-launched.
    4. (4) Why did Ms Zhou reject the media's invitation to interviews?
      A . Because she was too shy. B . Because she was not available. C . Because she was devoted to work. D . Because she hated being famous.
    5. (5) What can we learn from Ms Zhou's story?
      A . Attitude is altitude. B . The early bird catches the worm. C . Many hands make light work. D . Diligence makes up for inability.
  • 19. 阅读理解

    Why did humans evolve to walk upright? Perhaps because it's just plain easier. Make that "energetically less costly," in science-speak.

    Bipedalism — walking on two feet — is one of the defining characteristics of being human, and scientists have debated for years how it came about. In the latest attempt to find an explanation, researchers trained five chimpanzees to walk on treadmill while wearing masks that allowed measurement of their oxygen consumption. The chimps were measured both while walking upright and while moving on their legs and knuckles. That measurement of the energy needed to move round was compared with similar tests on humans and the results are published in this week's online edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

    It turns out that humans walking on two legs use only one quarter of the energy that chimpanzees use while knuckle-walking on four limbs. And the chimps, on average, use as much energy using two legs as they did when they used all four limbs.

    However, there were differences among chimpanzees in how much energy they used, and this difference corresponded to their different gaits and anatomy. One of the chimps used less energy on two legs, one used about the same and the others used more, said David Raichlen, assistant professor of anthropology at the University of Arizona.

    "What we were surprised at was the variation," he said in telephone interview. "That was pretty exciting, because when you talk about how evolution works, variation is the bottom line, without variation there is no evolution."

    Walking, on two legs freed our arms, opening the door to manipulating the world, Raichlen said. "We think about the evolution of bipedalism as one of first events that led hominids down the path to being human."

    The research was supported by the National Science Foundation and the L. S. B. Leakey Foundation.

    1. (1) The underlined word "Bipedalism" means        .
      A . moving sideways B . walking upright C . walking on four legs D . running fast
    2. (2) Why did chimpanzees wear masks in the experiment?
      A . Masks protect chimpanzees from any harm. B . Masks help chimpanzees walk steadily. C . There was heavy smoke in the room. D . Masks helped to measure how much oxygen chimpanzees consumed
    3. (3) We can infer that scientists         .
      A . have no idea on how human walking on two legs came about B . have had different views on why chimpanzees walk on four legs C . have had different views on how human walking on two legs came about D . have had similar views on how human walking on two legs came about
    4. (4) What does the fourth paragraph mainly deal with?
      A . How did chimpanzees save energy? B . Why didn't chimpanzees walk on two legs? C . David Raichlen researched into chimpanzees. D . Different chimpanzees consume different energy.
    5. (5) According to the passage humans walk upright in order to      .
      A . conserve energy B . differ from other animals. C . free their brains D . strengthen their legs
  • 20. 阅读理解

    Imagine reading a story titled "Pursuing Success". That would be an inspiring story, wouldn't it? Maybe—but maybe not. It might well be the story of someone whose never ending chase for more and more success leaves them unsatisfied and incapable of happiness. Though it isn't a conventional medical addiction, for many people success has addictive properties.

    Obviously, success goes with praise. To a certain extent, praise stimulates the neurotransmitter dopamine (神经递质多巴胺), which contributes to all addictive behaviors.

    The desire for success may be born to human nature, but specialness doesn't come cheap. Success is tough work, and it requires bearing the cost of losing. In the 1980s, the physician Robert Goldman famously found that more than half of ambitious athletes would be willing to take a drug that would kill them in five years in exchange for winning every competition they entered.

    Unfortunately, success is endless. The goal can't be satisfactory; most people never feel "successful enough". The high only lasts a day or two, and then it's on to the next goal. Psychologists call this the hedonic treadmill (享乐跑步机现象), in which satisfaction wears off almost immediately and we must run on to the next reward to avoid the feeling of falling behind.

    People should get off the treadmill. But quitting isn't easy for addicts. For people hooked on substances, withdrawal can be a painful experience, both physically and psychologically. Research finds that depression and anxiety are common among outstanding athletes after their careers end. Olympic athletes, in particular, suffer from the "post-Olympic blues".

    Just like wine, success in and of itself is not a bad thing. Both can bring fun and sweetness to life. But both become bossy when they are a substitute for—a instead of a complement (补充物) to—the relationships and love that should be the center of our lives.

    1. (1) What can be inferred from the first paragraph?
      A . Success doesn't always bring positive results B . A traditional, medical addiction leads to success C . The passion for constant success is rarely praised. D . Success addition has already drawn wide attention.
    2. (2) Why did the author mention the research findings of Robert Goldman?
      A . To stress the key to success lies in efforts. B . To show success is a tough and cruel job. C . To argue that athletes deserve more rewards. D . To describe the routine training of an ordinary athlete.
    3. (3) Which of the following is not part of the hedonic treadmill theory?
      A . Enjoying the beauty and love around you. B . Being offered a promotion at work. C . Having the house you want to live in. D . Eating the food you've been longing for.
    4. (4) What can success bring to a success addict according to psychologists?
      A . Satisfaction and a sense of pride. B . Anxiety and short-lived happiness. C . Relaxation and endless motivation. D . Confidence and permanent happiness.
    5. (5) What does the author suggest people do about pursuing success?
      A . Stop chasing success. B . Chase success at any cost. C . Reflect on what matters in life. D . Give up love and relationships.
四、阅读表达(共5个小题,每小题2分,满分10分)
  • 21. 阅读下面短文,按照要求完成阅读任务。

    Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur, who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids' teeth, instead of destroying them.

    It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, "Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it?" With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.

    With her dad's permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.

    Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore's product — CanCandy.

    As CanCandy's success grows so does Moore's credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.

    Meanwhile, with her parents' help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilicCandy's profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.

    1. (1) How did Moore react to her dad's warning? (No more than 10 words)
    2. (2) What is special about CanCandy? (No more than 10 words)
    3. (3) What does Moore expect from her business? (No more than 15 words)
    4. (4) How do you understand the underlined part in the last paragraph? (no more than 5 words)
    5. (5) How does Moore's story inspire you to achieve success? Put it in your own words. (No more than 20 words)?
五、书面表达(满分25分)
  • 22. 假如你是李津,你的英国朋友Lynn来信说她即将上大学而她的妈妈担心她的生活自理能力。她不知该如何消除妈妈的顾虑。请你给Lynn回一封邮件,内容包括:

    1)表示理解;

    2)提出建议并说明理由。

    注意:1)词数不少于100;

    2)可适当加入细节,使内容充实,行文连贯;

    3)邮件的开头和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数。

    Dear Lynn,

    ……

    Best wishes.

    Yours,

    Li Jin

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