广东省广州市2022年高三下学期二模英语试题

Like humans, animals need sleep too. A big problem for animals in the wild is keeping their enemies away while they sleep. Animals take care of this problem in different ways.

Anolis lizards live in many areas including tropical rainforests. They often sleep on leaves at the end of long branches. A leaf might seem like a strange bed, but it works like an alarm. If a hungry snake wiggles a branch, the lizard wakes up and leaps to safety.

Chimpanzees take their sleep very seriously. Each day, a chimpanzee builds itself a new, comfortable bed to sleep in. Scientists believe chimpanzees carefully choose a tree that is strong, where they build a nest using branches and leaves.

Parrotfish live among coral reefs in oceans. Every night, parrotfish usually sleep close to the rock in sheltered places. Some parrotfish go one step further by quickly making a slime layer that covers their whole body. This covering acts like a sleeping bag that provides a barrier against danger.

Bottle-nosed dolphins need to sleep, but they have to be on the ocean's surface to breathe. They also need to watch over their young. What do they do? While half of the dolphin's brain sleeps, the other half stays awake. After a while, the sleeping half wakes up while the other half snoozes.

Sooty terns have the most amazing sleep. They nest on islands. When they are not nesting, they   live for many years in the sky and on the sea's surface. When and where can they sleep? Scientists believe they are able to sleep while they are flying, staying out of the reach of enemies.

Andrew Bastawrous was 12 when he found out he could barely see. He was then socially awkward, failing at school and terrible at ball games.

Glasses turned his life around, yet even as a child he was aware of how lucky he was. Bastawrous grew up in the UK, but his family would visit poor parts of Egypt, where his parents were from. "Nobody there wore glasses, but I knew some people needed them," he says. "It felt incredibly unfair. At 16, I decided I wasn't going to feel guilty about it any more." He determined there and then to become an eye surgeon, and he did.

In 2012, he and his wife moved with their one-year-old son to a small town 5 hours' drive from Nairobi. They had limited electricity and running water. For 18 months, every time Bastawrous and his team set up their "mobile" eye clinic in yet another new location, they had to drag heavy, fragile hospital equipment cross-country. There was another problem, as one local doctor described it, "We don't even have enough doctors and now you also want eye surgeons? That's probably a pipe dream."

All this convinced Bastawrous that something fundamental was needed. So he started exploring ways to replace his clinic with a single, convenient device: a smartphone. He co-developed an app-based visual test that gathers as much information as the classic one, using similar principles. The critical difference is that almost anyone can carry it out after just a few minutes of training. Bastawrous co-founded a charitable company to develop and apply the technology more widely. His team also developed technologies that enabled a smartphone camera to take hospital-grade images of the back of the eye.

That's a pretty good start, but Bastawrous has his sights set sky high. "I feel we're at a tipping point now where this enormous problem will become a historical thing. That's when I'll sleep easy," he says.

Feeling overloaded by your to-do list can certainly make you unhappy, but new research suggests that more free time might not be the elixir many of us dream it could be.

In a new study released last week, researchers analyzed data from two large-scale (大规模) surveys about how Americans spend their time. Together, the surveys included more than 35,000 respondents. The researchers found that people with more free time generally had higher levels of subjective well-being — but only up to a point. People who had around two hours of free time a   day generally reported they felt better than those who had less time. But people who had five or more hours of free time a day generally said they felt worse. So ultimately the free-time "sweet spot" might be two to three hours per day, the findings suggest.

Part of finding this seemingly tricky "sweet spot" has to do with how people spend the extra time they have, the researchers behind the new study argue. They conducted several smaller online experiments. In one they asked participants to imagine having 3.5 to 7 free hours per day. They were asked to imagine spending that time doing "productive" things (like exercising) or to imagine doing "unproductive" activities (like watching TV). Study participants believed their well-being would suffer if they had a lot of free time during the day — but only if they used it unproductively. Though that experiment was hypothetical, which is one limitation of the new research, it's certainly in line with other research showing that being in a state of "flow" can be good for people's mental health.

Of course, what feels "productive" is up to you. Many traditionally productive or purposeful activities can be easy and fun. Engaging in a bit of low-key cardio, like walking and jogging, can help burn stress. Free-time activities like reading or cooking are also known to put people in a state of flow.

Even when communing with nature we depend on technology for help — but then, so did Thoreau (梭罗) at Walden Pond (瓦尔登湖).

Walking in the same woods yesterday, I let myself wander at random, communing with nature. I took in beautiful scenery near and far thanks to my progressive-lens eyeglasses. Occasionally I'd pull out my smartphone to take pictures on anything interesting. I recorded an inner monologue   with a background of all sounds of the forest. At times, I consulted my smart watch to check on my heartbeat, mileage and calorie burn. Eventually I realized I was quite lost. Not a problem of course. Online maps came to my rescue.

But something bothered me. In what I'd intended as a nature experience, here I was using   very high technology to help myself out. This insight triggered a reconsideration of everything that happened during my "nature walk," which had been technologically enhanced every step of the way. I'd been functioning as a man-machine combination: a cyborg.

What would the true naturalist Thoreau think of that? My first thought was that he'd be shocked. But later I did some research. Thoreau enjoyed what his spyglass discovered, like this eagle from his journal:

Lying on the ground with my glass, I could watch him very easily … till I almost lost him in the clouds … I think I have got the worth of my glass now that it has revealed to me the white-headed eagle.

Famously, Thoreau always set out equipped with a walking stick, which he used not only for support but also to take measurements of water and snow levels. His hat was also a tool, which he called his "botany-box." And he was prepared even with needles and thread, so when coming out of the woods, he was "the best dressed." Clearly, Thoreau was a bit of a cyborg himself.

Thinking more deeply, I realized we've come a long way from our hunter-gatherer ancestors, who walked from necessity and relied on nature's gift. Cyborgs are us.

Want a relaxing but fun challenge at home? Puzzles have been around for more than 250 years and the challenge of working out where each piece goes and carefully recreating the scene on the box lid can keep you busy for hours, days or even weeks.

Puzzles come in a huge range of sizes and difficulty levels. For beginners, a 100-piece puzzle is usually a good starting point. Try grouping pieces with the same colours or design because they will probably go in the same area once the puzzle takes shape.

 Those pieces are easier to find because they have a straight side. Stay patient as you search through and try to make it fit together. You may not find any connecting pieces for ages but then several may suddenly appear.

For a real test, puzzles that have 1,000 pieces or more are a tough task and it's best to complete them with friends or family if you can. Choosing a scene that interests you, such as a favourite film, sport or location, can help keep you interested and determined to work to the final piece. You can get fun educational puzzles, too.

Some of the best places to pick up puzzles are charity shops. They're often on sale for less   than €5. Once you have completed a puzzle it's nice to exchange it with a friend. You just upload an image, such as a family scene, and they will make a puzzle from it and post it to you. It makes lovely and unusual present.

Dad is a busy mechanic. Every Saturday he puts on his apron and produces delicious bread. I think he bakes to1.

I've been feeling stressed out myself as I found out I didn't2for the swim team. Now I'll have to wait a whole year to try out again. I think Dad knew how I3, so this Saturday he invited me to help him bake.

Dad first got out everything needed, and then told me to4the ingredients ( 配 料 ) with a spoon. After that he showed me how to knead the dough (揉面团). It took only ten minutes but a(n)5amount of energy to complete.

Next came the6part — doing nothing. We waited for the dough to slowly7, thenpunched ( 捶 打 ) it down and waited for it to rise again. Dad said the waiting is always the hardest part as you have to8the thought of putting the dough9into the oven.

While we waited, we sat and talked. 10 is like the dough that rises and fills a room with emptiness  11you punch it down with words. It felt good to listen and share our12. As the flour dust quietly13, time seemed to slow down. The dough would rise at its own 14. We could do nothing to make it rise faster.

I learned how to bake, and I also learned to15the slowly ticking rhythm of time, to relax and let the bread rise.

Some people love to read books. They can't get enough of the(print) word. Others have a big appetite for making and eating food. Well, if you are both an (enthusiasm) reader and eater, you may want to take part in an edible book festival, you can have your book and eat it, too!

In such festivals, people create projects and present to judges. There are two rules: the project must be made of food, and it must be baseda book. For example, someone might make the chocolate factory from Charlie and the Chocolate Factory with chocolate bars.

Sometimes, judges award prizes for the best projects like "Best Pun." A pun is a funny play on words that sound similar but have different (meaning), like tale and tail. A possible (win) for "Best Pun" might show Peter Rabbit, the character from The Tale of Peter

Rabbit, with a tail made of marshmallow fluff (棉花糖). (make) a pun, the project could be called "The Tail of Peter Rabbit", title punny enough to make the judges laugh!

Given the fun and often silly nature, it's not surprising that many of these festivals (hold) on April Fool's Day!

1）提出建议；

2）表达祝愿。注意：

3）写作词数应为 80 左右；

Dear David,

Yours, Li Ming

Twenty years ago, I drove a taxi. Once, I was called at 3 a.m. to pick someone up. When I arrived, the building was completely dark except for one light in a window. Often, many drivers would just honk ( 按喇叭) once or twice, wait a short minute, then drive away.

But unless a real danger, I always went to the door to find the passenger. It might be someone who needed my assistance. Would I not want a driver to do the same if my mother or father had called for a taxi?

So I walked to the door and knocked. "Just a minute," answered a weak and elderly voice. I could hear the sound of something being dragged across the floor. After a long pause, the door opened. A small woman in her 80s stood before me. By her side was a small suitcase. "Would you carry my bag out to the car?" she said. "I'd like a few moments alone. Then, if you could come back and help me? I'm not very strong."

I took the suitcase to the cab, then returned to assist the woman. She took my arm, and we walked slowly toward the cab. She kept thanking me for my kindness. "It's nothing," I told her. "I just try to treat my passengers the way I would want my mother treated."

"Oh, you're such a good boy," she said. When we got in the taxi, she gave me an address. Then she asked, "Could you drive through the downtown?"

"It's not the shortest way," I answered. "I don't mind," she said, "I'm in no hurry. I'm on my way to the nursing home." I saw her eyes shining with tears. "I don't have any family left," she continued. "The doctor says I am too old to live alone."

I quietly turned off the meter (计程器). "What road do you want me to take?" I asked. "First, take me to Sunrise Street. That's where I was born."

注意：

1）续写词数应为 150 左右；

For hours, we drove through the city.

"How much do I owe you?" she asked, reaching for her purse.